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PARALLEL TEXTS
CONVENZIONE SU POPOLI INDIGENI E TRIBALI (N. 169 del 1989)
Testi singoli tratti da: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/62.htm 
e http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/diritto/ilo169-conv-it.html

CONVENTION  CONCERNING INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES (N. 169, 1989)

CONVENZIONE SU POPOLI INDIGENI E TRIBALI (N. 169 del 1989)

Convention concerning indigenous and tribal Peoples in Independent Countries

Convenzione concernente Popoli Indigeni e Tribali in Stati indipendenti

The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation,

La Conferenza generale dell'Organizzazione Internazionale del Lavoro,

Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its seventy-sixth session on 7 June 1989, and

 Convocata a Ginevra dal Consiglio d'Amministrazione dell'Ufficio internazionale del Lavoro, e riunitasi il 7 giugno 1989 nella sua settantaseiesima sessione,

Noting the international standards contained in the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention and Recommendation, 1957, and

Considerando le norme internazionali enunciate nella convenzione e nella raccomandazione del 1957, riguardanti le popolazioni aborigene e tribali;

Recalling the terms of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the many international instruments on the prevention of discrimination, and

Ricordando i termini della Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell'uomo, del Patto internazionale sui diritti economici, sociali e culturali, del Patto internazionale sui diritti civili e politici, e dei numerosi strumenti internazionali sulla prevenzione della discriminazione;

Considering that the developments which have taken place in international law since 1957, as well as developments in the situation of indigenous and tribal peoples in all regions of the world, have made it appropriate to adopt new international standards on the subject with a view to removing the assimilationist orientation of the earlier standards, and

Considerando, alla luce dell'evoluzione del diritto internazionale posteriore al 1957, e dei mutamenti della situazione dei popoli indigeni e tribali, intervenuti in tutte le regioni del mondo, l'opportunità di adottare nuove norme internazionali in argomento, allo scopo di eliminare l'orientamento, mirante all'assimilazione, della precedente normativa;

Recognising the aspirations of these peoples to exercise control over their own institutions, ways of life and economic development and to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the States in which they live, and

Prendendo atto dell'aspirazione dei popoli in questione al controllo delle istituzioni, dei modi di vita e di sviluppo economico loro propri, nonché alla conservazione e sviluppo della propria identità, della propria lingua e della propria religione, nell'ambito degli Stati in cui vivono;

Noting that in many parts of the world these peoples are unable to enjoy their fundamental human rights to the same degree as the rest of the population of the States within which they live, and that their laws, values, customs and perspectives have often been eroded, and

Considerando che, in molte parti del mondo, questi popoli non riescono a godere i diritti fondamentali dell'uomo nella stessa misura della restante popolazione degli Stati in cui vivono; e che le loro leggi, i loro valori, le loro consuetudini e le loro prospettive hanno di sovente subito un'erosione;

Calling attention to the distinctive contributions of indigenous and tribal peoples to the cultural diversity and social and ecological harmony of humankind and to international co-operation and understanding, and

Richiamando l'attenzione sul peculiare contributo dei popoli indigeni e tribali alla diversità culturale ed all'armonia sociale ed ecologica dell'umanità, come pure alla cooperazione ed alla comprensione internazionali;

Noting that the following provisions have been framed with the co-operation of the United Nations, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the World Health Organization, as well as of the Inter-American Indian Institute, at appropriate levels and in their respective fields, and that it is proposed to continue this co-operation in promoting and securing the application of these provisions, and

Considerando che le disposizioni seguenti sono state scritte con la collaborazione delle Nazioni Unite, dell'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura, dell'Organizzazione delle nazioni unite per l'educazione, la scienza e la cultura, e dell'Organizzazione mondiale della sanità; come pure dell'Istituto Indigenista Interamericano, ai livelli confacenti e negli ambiti loro rispettivi, e che s'intende proseguire questa cooperazione al fine di promuoverne e d'assicurarne l'applicazione;

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the partial revision of the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957 (No. 107), which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and

Avendo deciso l'adozione di diverse mozioni riguardanti la parziale revisione della convenzione (n° 107, 1957) riguardante le popolazioni aborigene e tribali, questione costituente il quarto punto all'ordine del giorno della sessione;

Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention revising the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957,

Avendo deciso che tali mozioni prenderanno la forma di una convenzione internazionale modificante la convenzione sulle popolazioni aborigene e tribali del 1957,

Adopts this twenty-seventh day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine the following Convention, which may be cited as the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989:

adotta in questo giorno ventisette del mese di giugno del millenovecentottantanove, la seguente convenzione, che sarà denominata Convenzione del 1989 relativa ai popoli indigeni e tribali.

PART I. GENERAL POLICY

PARTE I. PRINCIPI GENERALI

Article 1

Art. 1

1. This Convention applies to:

1. La presente convenzione si applica:

(a) Tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status is regulated wholly or partially by their own customs or traditions or by special laws or regulations;

a) ai popoli tribali che, nei Paesi indipendenti, si distinguono dalle altre componenti della comunità nazionale per le condizioni sociali, culturali ed economiche, e che si reggano totalmente o parzialmente secondo le consuetudini o le tradizioni loro proprie, ovvero secondo una legislazione speciale;

(b) Peoples in independent countries who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonisation or the establishment of present State boundaries and who, irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions.

b) ai popoli che, nei Paesi indipendenti, sono considerati indigeni per il fatto di discendere dalle popolazioni che abitavano il Paese, o una regione geografica cui il Paese appartiene, all'epoca della conquista, della colonizzazione o dello stabilimento delle attuali frontiere dello Stato, e che, qualunque ne sia lo status giuridico, conservano le proprie istituzioni sociali, economiche, culturali e politiche, ovvero alcune di esse.

2. Self-identification as indigenous or tribal shall be regarded as a fundamental criterion for determining the groups to which the provisions of this Convention apply.

2. Il sentimento di appartenenza indigena o tribale deve considerarsi criterio fondamentale per la determinazione dei gruppi a cui s'applicano le disposizioni della presente convenzione.

3. The use of the term "peoples" in this Convention shall not be construed as having any implications as regards the rights which may attach to the term under international law.

3. L'uso nella presente convenzione del termine "popoli" non può essere in alcun modo interpretato come avente implicazioni di qualsiasi natura per ciò che riguarda i diritti collegati a detto termine in base al diritto internazionale.

Article 2

Art. 2

1. Governments shall have the responsibility for developing, with the participation of the peoples concerned, co-ordinated and systematic action to protect the rights of these peoples and to guarantee respect for their integrity.

1. È compito dei governi, con la partecipazione dei popoli interessati, sviluppare un'azione coordinata e sistematica finalizzata alla tutela dei diritti di questi popoli ed alla garanzia del rispetto della loro integrità.

2. Such action shall include measures for:

2. Questa azione deve comprendere misure miranti:

(a) Ensuring that members of these peoples benefit on an equal footing from the rights and opportunities which national laws and regulations grant to other members of the population;

a) ad assicurare che i membri di detti popoli beneficino, su un piano di uguaglianza, dei diritti e delle opportunità che la legislazione nazionale accorda agli altri componenti della popolazione;

(b) Promoting the full realisation of the social, economic and cultural rights of these peoples with respect for their social and cultural identity, their customs and traditions and their institutions;

b) a promuovere la piena realizzazione dei diritti sociali, economici e culturali di questi popoli, nel rispetto della loro identità sociale e culturale, delle loro consuetudini e tradizioni e delle loro istituzioni;

(c) Assisting the members of the peoples concerned to eliminate socio-economic gaps that may exist between indigenous and other members of the national community, in a manner compatible with their aspirations and ways of life.

c) ad aiutare i membri di detti popoli ad eliminare gli svantaggi socio-economici che possono esservi fra componenti indigeni ed altri componenti della comunità nazionale, in modo compatibile con le loro aspirazioni ed il loro modo di vivere.

Article 3

Art. 3

1. Indigenous and tribal peoples shall enjoy the full measure of human rights and fundamental freedoms without hindrance or discrimination. The provisions of the Convention shall be applied without discrimination to male and female members of these peoples.

1. I popoli indigeni e tribali devono godere pienamente dei diritti dell'uomo e delle libertà fondamentali, senza limiti né discriminazioni. Le disposizioni di questa convenzione devono essere applicate senza discriminazioni ad uomini e donne di questi popoli.

2. No form of force or coercion shall be used in violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of the peoples concerned, including the rights contained in this Convention.

2. Non si deve utilizzare alcuna forma di violenza e coercizione in violazione dei diritti dell'uomo e delle libertà fondamentali dei popoli interessati, ivi compresi i diritti previsti dalla presente convenzione.

Article 4

Art. 4

1. Special measures shall be adopted as appropriate for safeguarding the persons, institutions, property, labour, cultures and environment of the peoples concerned.

1. Devono essere adottate misure speciali, in quanto ve ne sia bisogno, al fine della salvaguardia delle persone, delle istituzioni, i beni, il lavoro, la cultura e lo sviluppo delle persone interessate.

2. Such special measures shall not be contrary to the freely-expressed wishes of the peoples concerned.

2. Queste misure speciali non devono essere contrarie ai desideri liberamente espressi dei popoli interessati.

3. Enjoyment of the general rights of citizenship, without discrimination, shall not be prejudiced in any way by such special measures.

3. Dette misure non devono in alcun modo compromettere il godimento senza discriminazioni della generalità dei diritti che si ricollegano alla qualità di cittadino.

Article 5

Art. 5

In applying the provisions of this Convention:

1. Nell'applicare le disposizioni della presente convenzione, si dovrà:

(a) The social, cultural, religious and spiritual values and practices of these peoples shall be recognised and protected, and due account shall be taken of the nature of the problems which face them both as groups and as individuals;

a) riconoscere e tutelare i valori e le usanze sociali, culturali, religiosi e spirituali di questi popoli e tenere nella dovuta considerazione la natura dei problemi con cui essi si confrontano, sia collettivamente che individualmente;

(b) The integrity of the values, practices and institutions of these peoples shall be respected;

b) rispettare l'integrità dei valori, delle usanze e delle istituzioni di questi popoli;

(c) Policies aimed at mitigating the difficulties experienced by these peoples in facing new conditions of life and work shall be adopted, with the participation and co-operation of the peoples affected.

c) adottare, con la partecipazione e la collaborazione dei popoli coinvolti, misure per la rimozione delle difficoltà che questi popoli incontrano nell'affrontare nuove condizioni di vita e di lavoro.

Article 6

Art. 6

1. In applying the provisions of this Convention, Governments shall:

1. Nell'applicare le disposizioni di questa convenzione, i Governi debbono:

(a) Consult the peoples concerned, through appropriate procedures and in particular through their representative institutions, whenever consideration is being given to legislative or administrative measures which may affect them directly;

a) consultare i popoli interessati, attraverso procedure appropriate, ed in particolare attraverso le loro istituzioni rappresentative, ogni volta in cui si prendono in considerazione misure legislative od amministrative che li possano riguardare direttamente;

(b) Establish means by which these peoples can freely participate, to at least the same extent as other sectors of the population, at all levels of decision-making in elective institutions and administrative and other bodies responsible for policies and programmes which concern them;

b) istituire dei mezzi per cui questi popoli possano, almeno ugualmente alle altre componenti della popolazione, partecipare liberamente ed a tutti i livelli alle decisioni nelle istituzioni elettive e negli organismi amministrativi od altri, responsabili delle politiche e dei programmi che li riguardano;

(c) Establish means for the full development of these peoples' own institutions and initiatives, and in appropriate cases provide the resources necessary for this purpose.

c) istituire dei mezzi che permettano il pieno sviluppo delle istituzioni e delle iniziative proprie di questi popoli e, se del caso, di fornir loro le risorse a tal fine necessarie.

2. The consultations carried out in application of this Convention shall be undertaken, in good faith and in a form appropriate to the circumstances, with the objective of achieving agreement or consent to the proposed measures.

2. le consultazioni effettuate in applicazione della presente convenzione devono essere condotte in buona fede ed in forma appropriata alle circostanze, al fine di pervenire ad un accordo, o di ottenere un consenso riguardante le misure in considerazione.

Article 7

Art. 7

1. The peoples concerned shall have the right to decide their own priorities for the process of development as it affects their lives, beliefs, institutions and spiritual well-being and the lands they occupy or otherwise use, and to exercise control, to the extent possible, over their own economic, social and cultural development. In addition, they shall participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of plans and programmes for national and regional development which may affect them directly.

1. I popoli interessati devono avere il diritto di decidere le proprie priorità in ciò che riguarda il processo di sviluppo, nella misura in cui esso incida sulla loro vita, sulle loro credenze, le loro istituzioni ed il loro benessere spirituale e sulle terre che essi occupano od in altro modo utilizzano, e d'esercitare in quanto possibile un controllo sul proprio sviluppo economico, sociale e culturale. Inoltre, i detti popoli debbono partecipare all'elaborazione, all'attuazione ed alla valutazione dei piani e dei programmi di sviluppo economico nazionale e locale che li possano riguardare direttamente.

2. The improvement of the conditions of life and work and levels of health and education of the peoples concerned, with their participation and co-operation, shall be a matter of priority in plans for the overall economic development of areas they inhabit. Special projects for development of the areas in question shall also be so designed as to promote such improvement.

2. Il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita e di lavoro dei popoli interessati ed il loro livello sanitario ed educativo, con la loro partecipazione e collaborazione, deve avere la priorità rispetto ai piani di sviluppo economico complessivo delle regioni che essi abitano. Allo stesso modo, i progetti specifici di sviluppo di queste regioni debbono essere concepiti in modo da promuovere un tale miglioramento.

3. Governments shall ensure that, whenever appropriate, studies are carried out, in co-operation with the peoples concerned, to assess the social, spiritual, cultural and environmental impact on them of planned development activities. The results of these studies shall be considered as fundamental criteria for the implementation of these activities.

3. I Governi devono far sì che, se del caso, siano effettuati degli studi in collaborazione con i popoli interessati, al fine di valutare l'impatto sociale, spirituale, culturale ed ambientale che potrebbero aver su di loro le previste attività di sviluppo. I risultati di tali studi devono essere considerati parametro fondamentale per l'attuazione di dette attività.

4. Governments shall take measures, in co-operation with the peoples concerned, to protect and preserve the environment of the territories they inhabit.

4. I Governi devono prendere misure, in collaborazione con i popoli interessati, per la protezione e la salvaguardia dell'ambiente nei territori che essi abitano.

Article 8

Art. 8

1. In applying national laws and regulations to the peoples concerned, due regard shall be had to their customs or customary laws.

1. Nell'applicazione ai popoli interessati della legislazione nazionale, devono tenersi in dovuta considerazione le loro consuetudini, ovvero il loro diritto consuetudinario.

2. These peoples shall have the right to retain their own customs and institutions, where these are not incompatible with fundamental rights defined by the national legal system and with internationally recognized human rights. Procedures shall be established, whenever necessary, to resolve conflicts which may arise in the application of this principle.

2. I popoli interessati devono avere il diritto di conservare le proprie consuetudini ed istituzioni, in quanto esse non siano incompatibili con i diritti fondamentali definiti dal sistema giuridico nazionale e con i diritti dell'uomo riconosciuti a livello internazionale. Si devono stabilire, in quanto necessarie, delle procedure per la soluzione dei conflitti che potessero eventualmente sorgere dall'applicazione di tale principio.

3. The application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not prevent members of these peoples from exercising the rights granted to all citizens and from assuming the corresponding duties.

3. L'applicazione dei paragrafi 1. e 2. del presente articolo non deve impedire agli appartenenti a detti popoli l'esercizio dei diritti riconosciuti ad ogni cittadino, e di assumere gli obblighi corrispondenti.

Article 9

Art. 9

1. To the extent compatible with the national legal system and internationally recognised human rights. the methods customarily practised by the peoples concerned for dealing with offences committed by their members shall be respected.

1. Compatibilmente col sistema giuridico nazionale e con i diritti dell'uomo riconosciuti a livello internazionale, devono essere rispettati i modi in cui i popoli interessati agiscono a titolo consuetudinario per la repressione dei reati commessi dai propri membri.

2. The customs of these peoples in regard to penal matters shall be taken into consideration by the authorities and courts dealing with such cases.

2. Le autorità ed i tribunali chiamati a giudicare in materia penale devono tener conto delle consuetudini di questi popoli in tale settore.

Article 10

Art. 10

1. In imposing penalties laid down by general law on members of these peoples account shall be taken of their economic, social and cultural characteristics.

1. Allorché ad appartenenti ai popoli interessati siano inflitte sanzioni penali previste dalla legislazione generale, deve tenersi conto delle loro caratteristiche economiche, sociali e culturali.

2. Preference shall be given to methods of punishment other than confinement in prison.

2. Debbono preferirsi forme di sanzione alternative al carcere.

Article 11

Art. 11

The exaction from members of the peoples concerned of compulsory personal services in any form, whether paid or unpaid, shall be prohibited and punishable by law, except in cases prescribed by law for all citizens.

Ad eccezione dei casi previsti dalla legge per tutti i cittadini, dev'essere vietata la prestazione obbligatoria di servizi personali, retribuiti o non, in qualsiasi forma venga imposta agli appartenenti ai popoli interessati.

Article 12

Art. 12

The peoples concerned shall be safeguarded against the abuse of their rights and shall be able to take legal proceedings, either individually or through their representative bodies, for the effective protection of these rights. Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of these peoples can understand and be understood in legal proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other effective means.

I popoli interessati devono beneficiare di una tutela contro la violazione dei loro diritti, ed avere un'azione legale, individuale o col tramite dei propri organi rappresentativi, per assicurare l'effettivo rispetto di questi diritti. Devono prendersi misure per far sì che, in ogni procedimento legale, gli appartenenti a questi popoli possano comprendere e farsi comprendere, all'occorrenza per mezzo di un interprete od in altri modi efficaci.

PART II. LAND

PARTE II. TERRE

Article 13

Art. 13

1. In applying the provisions of this Part of the Convention governments shall respect the special importance for the cultures and spiritual values of the peoples concerned of their relationship with the lands or territories, or both as applicable, which they occupy or otherwise use, and in particular the collective aspects of this relationship.

1. Nell'applicazione delle disposizioni di questa parte della convenzione, i Governi devono rispettare l'importanza speciale, per la cultura e per i valori spirituali dei popoli interessati, della relazione che essi intrattengono con le terre od i territori (o, a seconda dei casi, con entrambi) che essi occupano od altrimenti utilizzano; ed in particolare gli aspetti collettivi di questa relazione.

2. The use of the term "lands" in Articles 15 and 16 shall include the concept of territories, which covers the total environment of the areas which the peoples concerned occupy or otherwise use.

2. L'utilizzo negli articoli 15 e 16 del termine "terre" comprende il concetto di territori, esteso alla totalità dell'ambiente delle regioni che i popoli interessati occupano od altrimenti utilizzano.

Article 14

Art. 14

1. The rights of ownership and possession of the peoples concerned over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognised. In addition, measures shall be taken in appropriate cases to safeguard the right of the peoples concerned to use lands not exclusively occupied by them, but to which they have traditionally had access for their subsistence and traditional activities. Particular attention shall be paid to the situation of nomadic peoples and shifting cultivators in this respect.

1. I diritti di proprietà e di possesso sulle terre che questi popoli abitano tradizionalmente devono essere loro riconosciuti. Si devono inoltre adottare delle misure adeguate al caso per la salvaguardia del diritto dei popoli interessati all'utilizzo delle terre non occupate esclusivamente da loro, ma alle quali essi hanno tradizionalmente accesso per le proprie attività tradizionali e di sussistenza. A questo riguardo deve prestarsi particolare attenzione alla situazione dei popoli nomadi e degli agricoltori itineranti.

2. Governments shall take steps as necessary to identify the lands which the peoples concerned traditionally occupy, and to guarantee effective protection of their rights of ownership and possession.

2. I Governi devono adottare misure adeguate per l'identificazione delle terre tradizionalmente occupate dai popoli interessati, e per garantire l'effettiva tutela dei loro diritti di proprietà e di possesso.

3. Adequate procedures shall be established within the national legal system to resolve land claims by the peoples concerned.

3. Nel quadro del sistema giuridico nazionale, devono essere istituite procedure adeguate alla decisione delle rivendicazioni territoriali provenienti dai popoli interessati.

Article 15

Art. 15

1. The rights of the peoples concerned to the natural resources pertaining to their lands shall be specially safeguarded. These rights include the right of these peoples to participate in the use, management and conservation of these resources.

1. Devono essere salvaguardati in modo speciale i diritti dei popoli interessati alle risorse naturali delle loro terre. Questi diritti comprendono, per questi popoli, la partecipazione all'utilizzo, alla gestione ed alla conservazione di queste risorse.

2. In cases in which the State retains the ownership of mineral or sub-surface resources or rights to other resources pertaining to lands, governments shall establish or maintain procedures through which they shall consult these peoples, with a view to ascertaining whether and to what degree their interests would be prejudiced, before undertaking or permitting any programmes for the exploration or exploitation of such resources pertaining to their lands. The peoples concerned shall wherever possible participate in the benefits of such activities, and shall receive fair compensation for any damages which they may sustain as a result of such activities.

2. Nel caso in cui lo Stato mantiene la proprietà dei minerali o delle risorse del sottosuolo, o i diritti ad altre risorse di cui sono dotate le terre, i Governi devono stabilire o mantenere procedure di consultazione dei popoli interessati per determinare, prima d'intraprendere o d'autorizzare ogni programma di ricerca o di sfruttamento delle risorse delle loro terre, se e fino a che punto gli interessi di questi popoli ne sono minacciati. I popoli interessati devono, ogni volta in cui ciò sia possibile, partecipare ai vantaggi derivanti da queste attività e devono ricevere un equo indennizzo per ogni danno che potrebbero subire a causa di tali attività.

Article 16

Art. 16

1. Subject to the following paragraphs of this Article, the peoples concerned shall not be removed from the lands which they occupy.

1. Ad eccezione dei casi indicati nei seguenti paragrafi del presente articolo, i popoli interessati non devono essere trasferiti dalle terre che occupano.

2. Where the relocation of these peoples is considered necessary as an exceptional measure, such relocation shall take place only with their free and informed consent. Where their consent cannot be obtained, such relocation shall take place only following appropriate procedures established by national laws and regulations, including public inquiries where appropriate, which provide the opportunity for effective representation of the peoples concerned.

2. Qualora in via d'eccezione si giudichino necessari il trasferimento ed il reinsediamento di detti popoli, questi non potranno avvenire se non col loro consenso liberamente espresso in piena cognizione di causa. Qualora tale consenso non possa ottenersi, trasferimento e reinsediamento non potranno avvenire se non a seguito di procedure stabilite dalla legislazione nazionale e comprendenti, se del caso, inchieste pubbliche in cui i popoli interessati abbiano la possibilità d'essere rappresentati in modo efficace.

3. Whenever possible, these peoples shall have the right to return to their traditional lands, as soon as the grounds for relocation cease to exist.

3. Ogniqualvolta sia possibile, detti popoli devono avere il diritto di ritornare alle proprie terre tradizionali alla cessazione delle ragioni che ne hanno motivato il trasferimento.

4. When such return is not possible, as determined by agreement or, in the absence of such agreement, through appropriate procedures, these peoples shall be provided in all possible cases with lands of quality and legal status at least equal to that of the lands previously occupied by them, suitable to provide for their present needs and future development. Where the peoples concerned express a preference for compensation in money or in kind, they shall be so compensated under appropriate guarantees.

4. Nel caso in cui un tale ritorno non sia possibile, secondo quanto determinato in un accordo ovvero, in assenza di un accordo, secondo procedure appropriate, detti popoli devono ricevere, nella maniera migliore possibile, terre di qualità e di status giuridico almeno uguali a quelli delle terre occupate in precedenza, e che permettano loro di sovvenire ai loro bisogni presenti e d'assicurare il loro sviluppo futuro. Quando i popoli interessati esprimano la preferenza per un indennizzo in forma specifica od in natura, essi devono essere indennizzati in tal modo, riservandosi le appropriate garanzie.

5. Persons thus relocated shall be fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury.

5. Le persone così trasferite e reinsediate devono essere integralmente risarcite per ogni perdita e per ogni danno subito a tal causa.

Article 17

Art. 17

1. Procedures established by the peoples concerned for the transmission of land rights among members of these peoples shall be respected.

1. Devono essere rispettati i modi di trasferimento dei diritti fondiari fra i propri membri, stabiliti dai popoli interessati.

2. The peoples concerned shall be consulted whenever consideration is being given to their capacity to alienate their lands or otherwise transmit their rights outside their own community.

2. I popoli interessati devono essere consultati qualora si esamini la loro capacità di alienare le proprie terre o di trasferire in altro modo i propri diritti sulle stesse al di fuori della loro comunità.

3. Persons not belonging to these peoples shall be prevented from taking advantage of their customs or of lack of understanding of the laws on the part of their members to secure the ownership, possession or use of land belonging to them.

3. Deve essere impedito alle persone non appartenenti a detti popoli di sfruttarne le consuetudini o l'ignoranza della legge al fine di ottenere la proprietà, il possesso o l'uso delle terre di loro appartenenza.

Article 18

Art. 18

Adequate penalties shall be established by law for unauthorised intrusion upon, or use of, the lands of the peoples concerned, and governments shall take measures to prevent such offences.

La legge deve prevedere sanzioni adeguate per ogni ingresso non autorizzato alle terre dei popoli interessati, e per ogni sfruttamento non autorizzato di dette terre, ed i Governi devono adottare misure per impedire tali violazioni.

Article 19

Art. 19

National agrarian programmes shall secure to the peoples concerned treatment equivalent to that accorded to other sectors of the population with regard to:

I programmi nazionali in materia agricola devono garantire ai popoli interessati condizioni equivalenti a quelle di cui beneficiano gli altri componenti della popolazione per quanto riguarda:

(a) The provision of more land for these peoples when they have not the area necessary for providing the essentials of a normal existence, or for any possible increase in their numbers;

a) la concessione di terre aggiuntive quando le terre di cui detti popoli dispongono sono insufficienti ad assicurar loro gli elementi di una normale esistenza, od a far fronte ad una loro eventuale crescita demografica;

(b) The provision of the means required to promote the development of the lands which these peoples already possess.

b) la concessione dei mezzi necessari alla valorizzazione delle terre che questi popoli già possiedono.

PART III. RECRUITMENT AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

Parte III. Occupazione e condizioni di lavoro

Article 20

Art. 20

1. Governments shall, within the framework of national laws and regulations, and in co-operation with the peoples concerned, adopt special measures to ensure the effective protection with regard to recruitment and conditions of employment of workers belonging to these peoples, to the extent that they are not effectively protected by laws applicable to workers in general.

1. I Governi devono, nel quadro della legislazione nazionale ed in collaborazione con i popoli interessati, adottare delle misure speciali per garantire ai lavoratori appartenenti a questi popoli una tutela effettiva in ciò che riguarda l'assunzione e le condizioni d'impiego, nella misura in cui non sono effettivamente tutelati dalla legislazione applicabile ai lavoratori in generale.

2. Governments shall do everything possible to prevent any discrimination between workers belonging to the peoples concerned and other workers, in particular as regards:

2. I Governi devono fare tutto ciò che è in loro potere per evitare qualsiasi discriminazione fra lavoratori appartenenti ai popoli interessati ed altri lavoratori, specialmente in ciò che riguarda:

(a) Admission to employment, including skilled employment, as well as measures for promotion and advancement;

a) l'accesso all'impiego, ivi compreso agli impieghi qualificati, come anche le misure di promozione e di avanzamento;

(b) Equal remuneration for work of equal value;

b) la pari remunerazione per un lavoro di pari valore;

(c) Medical and social assistance, occupational safety and health, all social security benefits and any other occupationally related benefits, and housing;

c) l'assistenza medica e sociale, la sicurezza e la salute sul lavoro, tutte le prestazioni della sicurezza sociale e di ogni altro vantaggio derivante dall'impiego, come anche l'alloggio;

(d) The right of association and freedom for all lawful trade union activities, and the right to conclude collective agreements with employers or employers' organisations.

d) il diritto d'associazione, il diritto di dedicarsi liberamente ad ogni attività sindacale non contraria alla legge ed il diritto di concludere accordi collettivi con gli imprenditori o con le loro organizzazioni.

3. The measures taken shall include measures to ensure:

3. Le misure prese devono specialmente mirare a che:

(a) That workers belonging to the peoples concerned, including seasonal, casual and migrant workers in agricultural and other employment, as well as those employed by labour contractors, enjoy the protection afforded by national law and practice to other such workers in the same sectors, and that they are fully informed of their rights under labour legislation and of the means of redress available to them;

a) i lavoratori appartenenti ai popoli interessati, ivi compresi i lavoratori stagionali, occasionali e migranti impiegati in agricoltura od in altre attività, allo stesso modo di quelli impiegati da fornitori di manodopera, godano della tutela accordata dalla legislazione e dalla prassi nazionali agli altri lavoratori di queste categorie negli stessi settori, e che siano pienamente informati dei propri diritti in virtù della legislazione in materia di lavoro, e dei mezzi di ricorso cui possono accedere;

(b) That workers belonging to these peoples are not subjected to working conditions hazardous to their health, in particular through exposure to pesticides or other toxic substances;

b) i lavoratori appartenenti a questi popoli non siano soggetti a condizioni di lavoro che mettano in pericolo la loro salute, in particolare con l'esposizione a pesticidi o ad altre sostanze tossiche,

(d) That workers belonging to these peoples enjoy equal opportunities and equal treatment in employment for men and women, and protection from sexual harassment.

d) i lavoratori appartenenti a questi popoli godano di pari opportunità e di pari trattamento tra uomini e donne nell'impiego, e di una tutela contro le molestie sessuali.

4. Particular attention shall be paid to the establishment of adequate labour inspection services in areas where workers belonging to the peoples concerned undertake wage employment, in order to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Part of this Convention.

4. Deve prestarsi particolare attenzione alla creazione di adeguati servizi d'ispezione del lavoro nelle regioni in cui i lavoratori appartenenti ai popoli interessati esercitino attività salariate, in modo da garantire il rispetto delle disposizioni della presente parte della convenzione.

PART IV. VOCATIONAL TRAINING, HANDICRAFTS AND RURAL INDUSTRIES

PARTE IV. FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE, ARTIGIANATO E AGRICOLTURA

Article 21

Art. 21

Members of the peoples concerned shall enjoy opportunities at least equal to those of other citizens in respect of vocational training measures.

I membri dei popoli interessati debbono poter beneficiare di mezzi di formazione professionale almeno uguali a quelli accordati agli altri cittadini.

Article 22

Art. 22

1. Measures shall be taken to promote the voluntary participation of members of the peoples concerned in vocational training programmes of general application.

1. Devono essere adottate misure per promuovere la partecipazione volontaria dei membri dei popoli interessati ai programmi di formazione professionale di generale applicazione.

2. Whenever existing programmes of vocational training of general application do not meet the special needs of the peoples concerned, governments shall, with the participation of these peoples, ensure the provision of special training programmes and facilities.

2. Allorché i programmi di formazione professionale di generale applicazione esistenti non rispondano ai bisogni propri dei popoli interessati, i Governi devono, con la loro partecipazione, agire in maniera tale che siano messi a loro disposizione mezzi di formazione specifici.

3. Any special training programmes shall be based on the economic environment, social and cultural conditions and practical needs of the peoples concerned. Any studies made in this connection shall be carried out in co-operation with these peoples, who shall be consulted on the organisation and operation of such programmes. Where feasible, these peoples shall progressively assume responsibility for the organisation and operation of such special training programmes, if they so decide.

3. I programmi specifici di formazione devono esser basati sul contesto economico, sulla situazione socioculturale e sulle esigenze concrete dei popoli interessati. Ogni studio in questo campo dev'essere realizzato in collaborazione con questi popoli, che devono essere consultati con riguardo all'organizzazione ed al funzionamento dei programmi. Se possibile, qualora decidano in tal senso, questi popoli devono assumere progressivamente la responsabilità dell'organizzazione e del funzionamento di tali programmi formativi.

Article 23

Art. 23

1. Handicrafts, rural and community-based industries, and subsistence economy and traditional activities of the peoples concerned, such as hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering, shall be recognised as important factors in the maintenance of their cultures and in their economic self-reliance and development. Governments shall, with the participation of these peoples and whenever appropriate, ensure that these activities are strengthened and promoted.

1.L'artigianato, le industrie rurali e comunitarie, le attività riguardanti l'economia di sussistenza e le attività tradizionali dei popoli interessati come la caccia, la pesca, la caccia con le trappole e la raccolta, devono essere riconosciuti come fattori importanti per il mantenimento della loro cultura, come anche della loro autosufficienza e del loro sviluppo economico. I Governi debbono, con la partecipazione di detti popoli e nel caso ve ne sia bisogno, fare in modo che tali attività siano sostenute e promosse.

2. Upon the request of the peoples concerned, appropriate technical and financial assistance shall be provided wherever possible, taking into account the traditional technologies and cultural characteristics of these peoples, as well as the importance of sustainable and equitable development.

2. Su richiesta dei popoli interessati, dev'essere fornito loro qualora sia possibile, un aiuto tecnologico e finanziario appropriato, che tenga conto delle tecniche tradizionali e delle caratteristiche culturali di detti popoli, come anche dell'importanza di uno sviluppo duraturo ed equo.

PART V. SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH

PARTE V. PREVIDENZA SOCIALE E SANITÀ

Article 24

Art. 24

Social security schemes shall be extended progressively to cover the peoples concerned, and applied without discrimination against them.

I regimi di sicurezza sociale devono essere progressivamente estesi ai popoli interessati, ed essere applicati nei loro confronti senza discriminazioni.

Article 25

Art. 25

1. Governments shall ensure that adequate health services are made available to the peoples concerned, or shall provide them with resources to allow them to design and deliver such services under their own responsibility and control, so that they may enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

1. I Governi devono fare in modo che servizi sanitari adeguati siano messi a disposizione dei popoli interessati, o devono dar loro i mezzi che permettano loro di organizzare e somministrare tali servizi sotto la loro responsabilità e controllo, in modo che essi possano godere il più alto livello possibile di salute fisica e mentale.

2. Health services shall, to the extent possible, be community-based. These services shall be planned and administered in co-operation with the peoples concerned and take into account their economic, geographic, social and cultural conditions as well as their traditional preventive care, healing practices and medicines.

2. I servizi di sanità devono per quanto possibile essere organizzati a livello comunitario. Questi servizi devono essere pianificati ed amministrati in collaborazione con i popoli interessati e tener conto delle loro condizioni economiche, geografiche, sociali e colturali, come anche dei loro metodi di prevenzione e cura, delle loro pratiche di guarigione e rimedi tradizionali.

3. The health care system shall give preference to the training and employment of local community health workers, and focus on primary health care while maintaining strong links with other levels of health care services.

3. Il sistema sanitario deve dare la preferenza alla formazione ed impiego di personale sanitario delle comunità locali e deve concentrarsi sulle cure sanitarie primarie, sempre in stretto rapporto con gli altri livelli del servizio sanitario.

4. The provision of such health services shall be co-ordinated with other social, economic and cultural measures in the country.

4. La prestazione di tali servizi deve essere coordinata con le altre misure sociali, economiche e culturali adottate sul luogo.

PART VI. EDUCATION AND MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

PARTE VI. ISTRUZIONE E MEZZI DI COMUNICAZIONE

Article 26

Art. 26

Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of the peoples concerned have the opportunity to acquire education at all levels on at least an equal footing with the rest of the national community.

Devono prendersi misure per garantire ai membri dei popoli interessati la possibilità di ricevere un'educazione ad ogni livello, almeno in condizioni d'uguaglianza con il resto della comunità nazionale.

Article 27

Art. 27

1. Education programmes and services for the peoples concerned shall be developed and implemented in co-operation with them to address their special needs, and shall incorporate their histories, their knowledge and technologies, their value systems and their further social, economic and cultural aspirations. They shall participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of plans and programmes for national and regional development which may affect them directly.

1. Programmi e servizi educativi per i popoli interessati dovranno essere sviluppati e implementati con la loro collaborazione, per corrispondere alle loro particolari esigenze e devono trattare la loro storia, le loro conoscenze e tecniche, i loro sistemi di valori e le altre loro aspirazioni sociali, economiche e culturali. Essi dovranno partecipare alla formulazione, implementazione e valutazione di piani e programmi relativi allo sviluppo nazionale e regionale che siano suscettibili di coinvolgerli direttamente.

2. The competent authority shall ensure the training of members of these peoples and their involvement in the formulation and implementation of education programmes, with a view to the progressive transfer of responsibility for the conduct of these programmes to these peoples as appropriate.

2. Le autorità competenti devono fare in modo che siano garantite la formazione dei membri dei popoli interessati e la loro partecipazione alla formulazione ed esecuzione dei programmi d'educazione; affinché, se occorra, la responsabilità della conduzione di detti programmi possa essere progressivamente trasferita a detti popoli.

3. In addition, governments shall recognise the right of these peoples to establish their own educational institutions and facilities, provided that such institutions meet minimum standards established by the competent authority in consultation with these peoples. Appropriate resources shall be provided for this purpose.

3. Inoltre, i Governi devono riconoscere il diritto di tali popoli a creare le proprie istituzioni e modi d'educazione, a condizione che tali istituzioni rispondano alle norme minime stabilite dall'autorità competente in consultazione coi detti popoli. A questo fine si devono fornire loro adeguate risorse.

Article 28

Art. 28

1. Children belonging to the peoples concerned shall, wherever practicable, be taught to read and write in their own indigenous language or in the language most commonly used by the group to which they belong. When this is not practicable, the competent authorities shall undertake consultations with these peoples with a view to the adoption of measures to achieve this objective.

1. Quando ciò sia realizzabile, si deve insegnare ai bambini dei popoli interessati a leggere e scrivere nella loro lingua indigena o nella lingua più comunemente utilizzata dal gruppo cui appartengono. Qualora ciò non sia realizzabile, le autorità competenti devono intraprendere consultazioni con tali popoli in vista dell'adozione di misure atte a raggiungere tale scopo.

2. Adequate measures shall be taken to ensure that these peoples have the opportunity to attain fluency in the national language or in one of the official languages of the country.

2. Devono assumersi misure adeguate per garantire a questi popoli la conoscenza della lingua nazionale o di una delle lingue ufficiali del Paese.

3. Measures shall be taken to preserve and promote the development and practice of the indigenous languages of the peoples concerned.

3. Devono adottarsi disposizioni per la salvaguardia delle lingue indigene dei popoli interessati e per promuoverne l'uso e lo sviluppo.

Article 29

Art. 29

The imparting of general knowledge and skills that will help children belonging to the peoples concerned to participate fully and on an equal footing in their own community and in the national community shall be an aim of education for these peoples.

L'educazione deve mirare a dare ai bambini dei popoli interessati le conoscenze generali e le attitudini che li aiutino a partecipare pienamente ed in modo paritario alla vita della propria comunità, come pure a quella della comunità nazionale.

Article 30

Art. 30

1. Governments shall adopt measures appropriate to the traditions and cultures of the peoples concerned, to make known to them their rights and duties, especially in regard to labour, economic opportunities, education and health matters, social welfare and their rights deriving from this Convention.

1. I Governi devono adottare misure adattate alle tradizioni ed alle culture dei popoli interessati, al fine di far conoscere loro i propri obblighi e diritti, specialmente per quanto riguarda il lavoro, le possibilità economiche, le questioni educative e sanitarie, i servizi sociali ed i diritti risultanti dalla presente convenzione.

2. If necessary, this shall be done by means of written translations and through the use of mass communications in the languages of these peoples.

2. A tal fine si ricorrerà, se necessario, a traduzioni scritte ed all'uso dei mezzi di comunicazioni di massa nella lingua di detti popoli.

Article 31

Art. 31

Educational measures shall be taken among all sections of the national community, and particularly among those that are in most direct contact with the peoples concerned, with the object of eliminating prejudices that they may harbour in respect of these peoples. To this end, efforts shall be made to ensure that history textbooks and other educational materials provide a fair, accurate and informative portrayal of the societies and cultures of these peoples.

Devono adottarsi misure di carattere educativo in tutti i settori della comunità nazionale, e particolarmente in quelli più direttamente in contatto con i popoli interessati, al fine di eliminare i pregiudizi che essi potrebbero nutrire al riguardo di detti popoli. A tal fine, ci si deve sforzare di garantire che i libri di storia e gli altri materiali pedagogici diano una descrizione equa, esatta e documentata di società e culture dei popoli interessati

PART VII. CONTACTS AND CO-OPERATION ACROSS BORDERS

PARTE VII. CONTATTI E COOPERAZIONE TRANSFRONTALIERI

Article 32

Art. 32

Governments shall take appropriate measures, including by means of international agreements, to facilitate contacts and co-operation between indigenous and tribal peoples across borders, including activities in the economic, social, cultural, spiritual and environmental fields.

I Governi devono assumere misure adeguate, ivi compresi accordi internazionali, per facilitare i contatti e la cooperazione transfrontaliera tra popoli indigeni e tribali, anche nei campi economico, sociale, culturale, spirituale ed ambientale.

PART VIII. ADMINISTRATION

PARTE VIII. AMMINISTRAZIONE

Article 33

Art. 33

1. The governmental authority responsible for the matters covered in this Convention shall ensure that agencies or other appropriate mechanisms exist to administer the programmes affecting the peoples concerned, and shall ensure that they have the means necessary for the proper fulfilment of the functions assigned to them.

1. L'autorità governativa responsabile delle questioni che sono oggetto della presente convenzione deve assicurarsi che esistano istituzioni od altri meccanismi appropriati per amministrare i programmi destinati ai popoli interessati, e che essi dispongano dei mezzi necessari a compiere le loro funzioni.

2. These programmes shall include:

2. Questi programmi devono includere:

(a) The planning, co-ordination, execution and evaluation, in co- operation with the peoples concerned, of the measures provided for in this Convention;

a) la pianificazione, il coordinamento, l'attuazione e la valutazione, in collaborazione con i popoli interessati, delle misure previste dalla presente convenzione;

(b) The proposing of legislative and other measures to the competent authorities and supervision of the application of the measures taken, in co-operation with the peoples concerned.

b) l'invio alle autorità competenti delle proposte, legislative e d'altro genere, ed il controllo dell'applicazione di dette misure, in collaborazione con i popoli interessati.

PART IX. GENERAL PROVISIONS

PARTE IX. DISPOSIZIONI GENERALI

Article 34

Art. 34

The nature and scope of the measures to be taken to give effect to this Convention shall be determined in a flexible manner, having regard to the conditions characteristic of each country.

La natura e la portata delle misure da adottarsi per dare effetto alla presente convenzione devono essere determinati con elasticità, tenendo conto delle particolari condizioni di ciascun Paese.

Article 35

Art. 35

The application of the provisions of this Convention shall not adversely affect rights and benefits of the peoples concerned pursuant to other Conventions and Recommendations, international instruments, treaties, or national laws, awards, custom or agreements.

L'applicazione delle disposizioni della presente convenzione non deve pregiudicare ai diritti ed ai vantaggi garantiti ai popoli interessati in virtù di altre convenzioni e raccomandazioni, di strumenti internazionali, di trattati o di leggi, sentenze, consuetudini od accordi nazionali.

PART X. FINAL PROVISIONS

PARTE X. DISPOSIZIONI FINALI

Article 36

Art. 36

This Convention revises the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957.

La presente convenzione modifica la convenzione sui popoli indigeni e tribali del 1957.

Article 37

Art. 37

The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.

Le ratifiche formali della presente convenzione saranno comunicate al Direttore generale dell'Ufficio Internazionale del lavoro

Article 38

Art. 38

1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labour Organisation whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General.

1. La presente convenzione non vincolerà che i Membri dell'Organizzazione Internazionale del lavoro la cui ratifica sia stata registrata dal Direttore generale.

2. It shall come into force twelve months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members have been registered with the Director-General.

2. Essa entrerà in vigore dodici mesi dopo che le ratifiche da parte di due Membri saranno state registrate dal Direttore generale.

3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member twelve months after the date on which its ratification has been registered.

3. In seguito, questa convenzione entrerà in vigore per ciascun membro dodici mesi dopo la data in cui la sua ratifica sarà stata registrata.

Article 39

Art. 39

1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered.

1. Ogni Membro ratificatore della presente convenzione può denunziarla allo scadere di un decennio dopo la data di entrata in vigore iniziale della convenzione, con un atto comunicato al Direttore Generale dell'Ufficio internazionale del Lavoro e da lui registrato. La denunzia non avrà effetto se non un anno dopo la sua registrazione.

2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this Article, will be bound for another period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article.

2. Ogni Membro ratificatore della presente convenzione che, nel termine di un anno dallo scadere del periodo di un decennio menzionato nel precedente paragrafo, non userà della facoltà di denunzia prevista dal presente articolo, sarà obbligato per un nuovo decennio e, per il seguito, potrà denunziare la presente convenzione allo scadere di ogni decennio, alle condizioni previste dal presente articolo.

Article 40

Art. 40

1. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall notify all Members of the International Labour Organisation of the registration of all ratifications and denunciations communicated to him by the Members of the Organisation.

1. Il Direttore generale dell'Ufficio internazionale del lavoro notificherà ad ogni Membro dell'Organizzazione Internazionale del Lavoro la registrazione di ogni ratifica e denunzia che gli saranno comunicate dai Membri dell'Organizzazione.

2. When notifying the Members of the Organisation of the registration of the second ratification communicated to him, the Director-General shall draw the attention of the Members of the Organisation to the date upon which the Convention will come into force.

2. Nel notificare ai Membri dell'Organizzazione la registrazione della seconda ratifica che gli sarà stata comunicata, il Direttore generale richiamerà l'attenzione dei Membri dell'Organizzazione sulla data in cui la presente convenzione entrerà in vigore.

Article 41

Art. 41

The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by him in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles.

Il Direttore generale dell'Ufficio internazionale del Lavoro comunicherà al Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite, ai fini della registrazione, in conformità all'art. 102 della Carta delle Nazioni Unite, le informazioni complete relative ad ogni ratifica e ad ogni atto di denunzia che avrà registrato in conformità agli articoli precedenti.

Article 42

Art. 42

At such times as it may consider necessary the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part.

Ogni volta in cui lo giudicherà necessario, il Consiglio d'amministrazione dell'Ufficio internazionale del lavoro presenterà alla Conferenza generale un rapporto sull'applicazione della presente convenzione ed esaminerà se sarà il caso di iscrivere all'ordine del giorno della Conferenza la questione della sua revisione totale o parziale.

Article 43

Art. 43

1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides:

1. Nel caso in cui la Conferenza adotti una nuova convenzione rivedendo in tutto od in parte la presente convenzione, ed a meno che la nuova convenzione non disponga altrimenti:

(a) The ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 39 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force;

 

a) la ratifica da parte di un Membro della convenzione riformulata avrà senz'altro, nonostante l'articolo 39 di cui sopra, l'effetto di una denunzia immediata della presente convenzione, a condizione che la nuova convenzione riformulata sia entrata in vigore;

(b) As from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members.

b) a decorrere dalla data d'entrata in vigore della nuova convenzione riformulata, la presente convenzione cesserà di essere aperta alla ratifica dei Membri.

2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention.

2. La presente convenzione rimarrà in ogni caso in vigore nella sua forma e tenore per i Membri che l'avranno ratificata e che non ratificheranno la convenzione riformulata.

Article 44

Art. 44

The English and French versions of the text of this Convention are equally authoritative.

Le versioni francese e inglese del testo della presente convenzione sono entrambe vincolanti.



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V
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CONVENTION  CONCERNING INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES (N. 169, 1989)

Convention concerning indigenous and tribal Peoples in Independent Countries

The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation,

Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its seventy-sixth session on 7 June 1989, and

Noting the international standards contained in the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention and Recommendation, 1957, and

Recalling the terms of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the many international instruments on the prevention of discrimination, and

Considering that the developments which have taken place in international law since 1957, as well as developments in the situation of indigenous and tribal peoples in all regions of the world, have made it appropriate to adopt new international standards on the subject with a view to removing the assimilationist orientation of the earlier standards, and

Recognising the aspirations of these peoples to exercise control over their own institutions, ways of life and economic development and to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the States in which they live, and

Noting that in many parts of the world these peoples are unable to enjoy their fundamental human rights to the same degree as the rest of the population of the States within which they live, and that their laws, values, customs and perspectives have often been eroded, and

Calling attention to the distinctive contributions of indigenous and tribal peoples to the cultural diversity and social and ecological harmony of humankind and to international co-operation and understanding, and

Noting that the following provisions have been framed with the co-operation of the United Nations, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the World Health Organization, as well as of the Inter-American Indian Institute, at appropriate levels and in their respective fields, and that it is proposed to continue this co-operation in promoting and securing the application of these provisions, and

Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the partial revision of the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957 (No. 107), which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and

Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention revising the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957,

Adopts this twenty-seventh day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine the following Convention, which may be cited as the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989:

PART I. GENERAL POLICY

Article 1

1. This Convention applies to:

(a) Tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status is regulated wholly or partially by their own customs or traditions or by special laws or regulations;

(b) Peoples in independent countries who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonisation or the establishment of present State boundaries and who, irrespective of their legal status, retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions.

2. Self-identification as indigenous or tribal shall be regarded as a fundamental criterion for determining the groups to which the provisions of this Convention apply.

3. The use of the term "peoples" in this Convention shall not be construed as having any implications as regards the rights which may attach to the term under international law.

Article 2

1. Governments shall have the responsibility for developing, with the participation of the peoples concerned, co-ordinated and systematic action to protect the rights of these peoples and to guarantee respect for their integrity.

2. Such action shall include measures for:

(a) Ensuring that members of these peoples benefit on an equal footing from the rights and opportunities which national laws and regulations grant to other members of the population;

(b) Promoting the full realisation of the social, economic and cultural rights of these peoples with respect for their social and cultural identity, their customs and traditions and their institutions;

(c) Assisting the members of the peoples concerned to eliminate socio-economic gaps that may exist between indigenous and other members of the national community, in a manner compatible with their aspirations and ways of life.

Article 3

1. Indigenous and tribal peoples shall enjoy the full measure of human rights and fundamental freedoms without hindrance or discrimination. The provisions of the Convention shall be applied without discrimination to male and female members of these peoples.

2. No form of force or coercion shall be used in violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of the peoples concerned, including the rights contained in this Convention.

Article 4

1. Special measures shall be adopted as appropriate for safeguarding the persons, institutions, property, labour, cultures and environment of the peoples concerned.

2. Such special measures shall not be contrary to the freely-expressed wishes of the peoples concerned.

3. Enjoyment of the general rights of citizenship, without discrimination, shall not be prejudiced in any way by such special measures.

Article 5

In applying the provisions of this Convention:

(a) The social, cultural, religious and spiritual values and practices of these peoples shall be recognised and protected, and due account shall be taken of the nature of the problems which face them both as groups and as individuals;

(b) The integrity of the values, practices and institutions of these peoples shall be respected;

(c) Policies aimed at mitigating the difficulties experienced by these peoples in facing new conditions of life and work shall be adopted, with the participation and co-operation of the peoples affected.

Article 6

1. In applying the provisions of this Convention, Governments shall:

(a) Consult the peoples concerned, through appropriate procedures and in particular through their representative institutions, whenever consideration is being given to legislative or administrative measures which may affect them directly;

(b) Establish means by which these peoples can freely participate, to at least the same extent as other sectors of the population, at all levels of decision-making in elective institutions and administrative and other bodies responsible for policies and programmes which concern them;

(c) Establish means for the full development of these peoples' own institutions and initiatives, and in appropriate cases provide the resources necessary for this purpose.

2. The consultations carried out in application of this Convention shall be undertaken, in good faith and in a form appropriate to the circumstances, with the objective of achieving agreement or consent to the proposed measures.

Article 7

1. The peoples concerned shall have the right to decide their own priorities for the process of development as it affects their lives, beliefs, institutions and spiritual well-being and the lands they occupy or otherwise use, and to exercise control, to the extent possible, over their own economic, social and cultural development. In addition, they shall participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of plans and programmes for national and regional development which may affect them directly.

2. The improvement of the conditions of life and work and levels of health and education of the peoples concerned, with their participation and co-operation, shall be a matter of priority in plans for the overall economic development of areas they inhabit. Special projects for development of the areas in question shall also be so designed as to promote such improvement.

3. Governments shall ensure that, whenever appropriate, studies are carried out, in co-operation with the peoples concerned, to assess the social, spiritual, cultural and environmental impact on them of planned development activities. The results of these studies shall be considered as fundamental criteria for the implementation of these activities.

4. Governments shall take measures, in co-operation with the peoples concerned, to protect and preserve the environment of the territories they inhabit.

Article 8

1. In applying national laws and regulations to the peoples concerned, due regard shall be had to their customs or customary laws.

2. These peoples shall have the right to retain their own customs and institutions, where these are not incompatible with fundamental rights defined by the national legal system and with internationally recognized human rights. Procedures shall be established, whenever necessary, to resolve conflicts which may arise in the application of this principle.

3. The application of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not prevent members of these peoples from exercising the rights granted to all citizens and from assuming the corresponding duties.

Article 9

1. To the extent compatible with the national legal system and internationally recognised human rights. the methods customarily practised by the peoples concerned for dealing with offences committed by their members shall be respected.

2. The customs of these peoples in regard to penal matters shall be taken into consideration by the authorities and courts dealing with such cases.

Article 10

1. In imposing penalties laid down by general law on members of these peoples account shall be taken of their economic, social and cultural characteristics.

2. Preference shall be given to methods of punishment other than confinement in prison.

Article 11

The exaction from members of the peoples concerned of compulsory personal services in any form, whether paid or unpaid, shall be prohibited and punishable by law, except in cases prescribed by law for all citizens.

Article 12

The peoples concerned shall be safeguarded against the abuse of their rights and shall be able to take legal proceedings, either individually or through their representative bodies, for the effective protection of these rights. Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of these peoples can understand and be understood in legal proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other effective means.

PART II. LAND

Article 13

1. In applying the provisions of this Part of the Convention governments shall respect the special importance for the cultures and spiritual values of the peoples concerned of their relationship with the lands or territories, or both as applicable, which they occupy or otherwise use, and in particular the collective aspects of this relationship.

2. The use of the term "lands" in Articles 15 and 16 shall include the concept of territories, which covers the total environment of the areas which the peoples concerned occupy or otherwise use.

Article 14

1. The rights of ownership and possession of the peoples concerned over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognised. In addition, measures shall be taken in appropriate cases to safeguard the right of the peoples concerned to use lands not exclusively occupied by them, but to which they have traditionally had access for their subsistence and traditional activities. Particular attention shall be paid to the situation of nomadic peoples and shifting cultivators in this respect.

2. Governments shall take steps as necessary to identify the lands which the peoples concerned traditionally occupy, and to guarantee effective protection of their rights of ownership and possession.

3. Adequate procedures shall be established within the national legal system to resolve land claims by the peoples concerned.

Article 15

1. The rights of the peoples concerned to the natural resources pertaining to their lands shall be specially safeguarded. These rights include the right of these peoples to participate in the use, management and conservation of these resources.

2. In cases in which the State retains the ownership of mineral or sub-surface resources or rights to other resources pertaining to lands, governments shall establish or maintain procedures through which they shall consult these peoples, with a view to ascertaining whether and to what degree their interests would be prejudiced, before undertaking or permitting any programmes for the exploration or exploitation of such resources pertaining to their lands. The peoples concerned shall wherever possible participate in the benefits of such activities, and shall receive fair compensation for any damages which they may sustain as a result of such activities.

Article 16

1. Subject to the following paragraphs of this Article, the peoples concerned shall not be removed from the lands which they occupy.

2. Where the relocation of these peoples is considered necessary as an exceptional measure, such relocation shall take place only with their free and informed consent. Where their consent cannot be obtained, such relocation shall take place only following appropriate procedures established by national laws and regulations, including public inquiries where appropriate, which provide the opportunity for effective representation of the peoples concerned.

3. Whenever possible, these peoples shall have the right to return to their traditional lands, as soon as the grounds for relocation cease to exist.

4. When such return is not possible, as determined by agreement or, in the absence of such agreement, through appropriate procedures, these peoples shall be provided in all possible cases with lands of quality and legal status at least equal to that of the lands previously occupied by them, suitable to provide for their present needs and future development. Where the peoples concerned express a preference for compensation in money or in kind, they shall be so compensated under appropriate guarantees.

5. Persons thus relocated shall be fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury.

Article 17

1. Procedures established by the peoples concerned for the transmission of land rights among members of these peoples shall be respected.

2. The peoples concerned shall be consulted whenever consideration is being given to their capacity to alienate their lands or otherwise transmit their rights outside their own community.

3. Persons not belonging to these peoples shall be prevented from taking advantage of their customs or of lack of understanding of the laws on the part of their members to secure the ownership, possession or use of land belonging to them.

Article 18

Adequate penalties shall be established by law for unauthorised intrusion upon, or use of, the lands of the peoples concerned, and governments shall take measures to prevent such offences.

Article 19

National agrarian programmes shall secure to the peoples concerned treatment equivalent to that accorded to other sectors of the population with regard to:

(a) The provision of more land for these peoples when they have not the area necessary for providing the essentials of a normal existence, or for any possible increase in their numbers;

(b) The provision of the means required to promote the development of the lands which these peoples already possess.

PART III. RECRUITMENT AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

Article 20

1. Governments shall, within the framework of national laws and regulations, and in co-operation with the peoples concerned, adopt special measures to ensure the effective protection with regard to recruitment and conditions of employment of workers belonging to these peoples, to the extent that they are not effectively protected by laws applicable to workers in general.

2. Governments shall do everything possible to prevent any discrimination between workers belonging to the peoples concerned and other workers, in particular as regards:

(a) Admission to employment, including skilled employment, as well as measures for promotion and advancement;

(b) Equal remuneration for work of equal value;

(c) Medical and social assistance, occupational safety and health, all social security benefits and any other occupationally related benefits, and housing;

(d) The right of association and freedom for all lawful trade union activities, and the right to conclude collective agreements with employers or employers' organisations.

3. The measures taken shall include measures to ensure:

(a) That workers belonging to the peoples concerned, including seasonal, casual and migrant workers in agricultural and other employment, as well as those employed by labour contractors, enjoy the protection afforded by national law and practice to other such workers in the same sectors, and that they are fully informed of their rights under labour legislation and of the means of redress available to them;

(b) That workers belonging to these peoples are not subjected to working conditions hazardous to their health, in particular through exposure to pesticides or other toxic substances;

(d) That workers belonging to these peoples enjoy equal opportunities and equal treatment in employment for men and women, and protection from sexual harassment.

4. Particular attention shall be paid to the establishment of adequate labour inspection services in areas where workers belonging to the peoples concerned undertake wage employment, in order to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Part of this Convention.

PART IV. VOCATIONAL TRAINING, HANDICRAFTS AND RURAL INDUSTRIES

Article 21

Members of the peoples concerned shall enjoy opportunities at least equal to those of other citizens in respect of vocational training measures.

Article 22

1. Measures shall be taken to promote the voluntary participation of members of the peoples concerned in vocational training programmes of general application.

2. Whenever existing programmes of vocational training of general application do not meet the special needs of the peoples concerned, governments shall, with the participation of these peoples, ensure the provision of special training programmes and facilities.

3. Any special training programmes shall be based on the economic environment, social and cultural conditions and practical needs of the peoples concerned. Any studies made in this connection shall be carried out in co-operation with these peoples, who shall be consulted on the organisation and operation of such programmes. Where feasible, these peoples shall progressively assume responsibility for the organisation and operation of such special training programmes, if they so decide.

Article 23

1. Handicrafts, rural and community-based industries, and subsistence economy and traditional activities of the peoples concerned, such as hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering, shall be recognised as important factors in the maintenance of their cultures and in their economic self-reliance and development. Governments shall, with the participation of these peoples and whenever appropriate, ensure that these activities are strengthened and promoted.

2. Upon the request of the peoples concerned, appropriate technical and financial assistance shall be provided wherever possible, taking into account the traditional technologies and cultural characteristics of these peoples, as well as the importance of sustainable and equitable development.

PART V. SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH

Article 24

Social security schemes shall be extended progressively to cover the peoples concerned, and applied without discrimination against them.

Article 25

1. Governments shall ensure that adequate health services are made available to the peoples concerned, or shall provide them with resources to allow them to design and deliver such services under their own responsibility and control, so that they may enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

2. Health services shall, to the extent possible, be community-based. These services shall be planned and administered in co-operation with the peoples concerned and take into account their economic, geographic, social and cultural conditions as well as their traditional preventive care, healing practices and medicines.

3. The health care system shall give preference to the training and employment of local community health workers, and focus on primary health care while maintaining strong links with other levels of health care services.

4. The provision of such health services shall be co-ordinated with other social, economic and cultural measures in the country.

PART VI. EDUCATION AND MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

Article 26

Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of the peoples concerned have the opportunity to acquire education at all levels on at least an equal footing with the rest of the national community.

Article 27

1. Education programmes and services for the peoples concerned shall be developed and implemented in co-operation with them to address their special needs, and shall incorporate their histories, their knowledge and technologies, their value systems and their further social, economic and cultural aspirations. They shall participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of plans and programmes for national and regional development which may affect them directly.

2. The competent authority shall ensure the training of members of these peoples and their involvement in the formulation and implementation of education programmes, with a view to the progressive transfer of responsibility for the conduct of these programmes to these peoples as appropriate.

3. In addition, governments shall recognise the right of these peoples to establish their own educational institutions and facilities, provided that such institutions meet minimum standards established by the competent authority in consultation with these peoples. Appropriate resources shall be provided for this purpose.

Article 28

1. Children belonging to the peoples concerned shall, wherever practicable, be taught to read and write in their own indigenous language or in the language most commonly used by the group to which they belong. When this is not practicable, the competent authorities shall undertake consultations with these peoples with a view to the adoption of measures to achieve this objective.

2. Adequate measures shall be taken to ensure that these peoples have the opportunity to attain fluency in the national language or in one of the official languages of the country.

3. Measures shall be taken to preserve and promote the development and practice of the indigenous languages of the peoples concerned.

Article 29

The imparting of general knowledge and skills that will help children belonging to the peoples concerned to participate fully and on an equal footing in their own community and in the national community shall be an aim of education for these peoples.

Article 30

1. Governments shall adopt measures appropriate to the traditions and cultures of the peoples concerned, to make known to them their rights and duties, especially in regard to labour, economic opportunities, education and health matters, social welfare and their rights deriving from this Convention.

2. If necessary, this shall be done by means of written translations and through the use of mass communications in the languages of these peoples.

Article 31

Educational measures shall be taken among all sections of the national community, and particularly among those that are in most direct contact with the peoples concerned, with the object of eliminating prejudices that they may harbour in respect of these peoples. To this end, efforts shall be made to ensure that history textbooks and other educational materials provide a fair, accurate and informative portrayal of the societies and cultures of these peoples.

PART VII. CONTACTS AND CO-OPERATION ACROSS BORDERS

Article 32

Governments shall take appropriate measures, including by means of international agreements, to facilitate contacts and co-operation between indigenous and tribal peoples across borders, including activities in the economic, social, cultural, spiritual and environmental fields.

PART VIII. ADMINISTRATION

Article 33

1. The governmental authority responsible for the matters covered in this Convention shall ensure that agencies or other appropriate mechanisms exist to administer the programmes affecting the peoples concerned, and shall ensure that they have the means necessary for the proper fulfilment of the functions assigned to them.

2. These programmes shall include:

(a) The planning, co-ordination, execution and evaluation, in co- operation with the peoples concerned, of the measures provided for in this Convention;

(b) The proposing of legislative and other measures to the competent authorities and supervision of the application of the measures taken, in co-operation with the peoples concerned.

PART IX. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 34

The nature and scope of the measures to be taken to give effect to this Convention shall be determined in a flexible manner, having regard to the conditions characteristic of each country.

Article 35

The application of the provisions of this Convention shall not adversely affect rights and benefits of the peoples concerned pursuant to other Conventions and Recommendations, international instruments, treaties, or national laws, awards, custom or agreements.

PART X. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 36

This Convention revises the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957.

Article 37

The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.

Article 38

1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labour Organisation whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General.

2. It shall come into force twelve months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members have been registered with the Director-General.

3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member twelve months after the date on which its ratification has been registered.

Article 39

1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered.

2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this Article, will be bound for another period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article.

Article 40

1. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall notify all Members of the International Labour Organisation of the registration of all ratifications and denunciations communicated to him by the Members of the Organisation.

2. When notifying the Members of the Organisation of the registration of the second ratification communicated to him, the Director-General shall draw the attention of the Members of the Organisation to the date upon which the Convention will come into force.

Article 41

The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by him in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles.

Article 42

At such times as it may consider necessary the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part.

Article 43

1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides:

(a) The ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 39 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force;

(b) As from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members.

2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention.

Article 44

The English and French versions of the text of this Convention are equally authoritative.