New Page 1

LA GRAMMATICA DI ENGLISH GRATIS IN VERSIONE MOBILE   INFORMATIVA PRIVACY

  NUOVA SEZIONE ELINGUE

 

Selettore risorse   

   

 

                                         IL Metodo  |  Grammatica  |  RISPOSTE GRAMMATICALI  |  Multiblog  |  INSEGNARE AGLI ADULTI  |  INSEGNARE AI BAMBINI  |  AudioBooks  |  RISORSE SFiziosE  |  Articoli  |  Tips  | testi pAralleli  |  VIDEO SOTTOTITOLATI
                                                                                         ESERCIZI :   Serie 1 - 2 - 3  - 4 - 5  SERVIZI:   Pronunciatore di inglese - Dizionario - Convertitore IPA/UK - IPA/US - Convertitore di valute in lire ed euro                                              

 

 

WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
?????????

ART
- Great Painters
BUSINESS&LAW
- Accounting
- Fundamentals of Law
- Marketing
- Shorthand
CARS
- Concept Cars
GAMES&SPORT
- Videogames
- The World of Sports

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
- Blogs
- Free Software
- Google
- My Computer

- PHP Language and Applications
- Wikipedia
- Windows Vista

EDUCATION
- Education
LITERATURE
- Masterpieces of English Literature
LINGUISTICS
- American English

- English Dictionaries
- The English Language

MEDICINE
- Medical Emergencies
- The Theory of Memory
MUSIC&DANCE
- The Beatles
- Dances
- Microphones
- Musical Notation
- Music Instruments
SCIENCE
- Batteries
- Nanotechnology
LIFESTYLE
- Cosmetics
- Diets
- Vegetarianism and Veganism
TRADITIONS
- Christmas Traditions
NATURE
- Animals

- Fruits And Vegetables



ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Agnolo Gaddi
  2. Albrecht Altdorfer
  3. Albrecht Duerer
  4. Alessandro Magnasco
  5. Alfred Sisley
  6. Aligi Sassu
  7. Ambrogio Lorenzetti
  8. Andrea del Sarto
  9. Andrea del Verrocchio
  10. Andrea Mantegna
  11. Annibale Carracci
  12. Antoine Watteau
  13. Antonello da Messina
  14. Antonio da Correggio
  15. Arnold Boecklin
  16. Balthus
  17. Benozzo Gozzoli
  18. Camille Pissarro
  19. Canaletto
  20. Caravaggio
  21. Edouard Manet
  22. Cimabue
  23. Cima da Conegliano
  24. Claude Lorrain
  25. Claude Monet
  26. Diego Velazquez
  27. Domenico Ghirlandaio
  28. Duccio
  29. Edgar Degas
  30. Edvard Munch
  31. Egon Schiele
  32. El Greco
  33. Fernand Léger
  34. Filippo Lippi
  35. Fra Angelico
  36. François Boucher
  37. Francesco Guardi
  38. Francis Bacon
  39. Francisco Goya
  40. Francisco Zurbaran
  41. Francis Picabia
  42. Frans Hals
  43. Franz Marc
  44. Friedensreich Hundertwasser
  45. Gentile da Fabriano
  46. Georges de La Tour
  47. Georges-Pierre Seurat
  48. Georges Rouault
  49. Gerard Dou
  50. Gian Lorenzo Bernini
  51. Giorgio de Chirico
  52. Giorgio Morandi
  53. Giorgione
  54. Giotto di Bondone
  55. Giovanni Bellini
  56. Giovanni Fattori
  57. Giuseppe Arcimboldo
  58. Guercino
  59. Guido Reni
  60. Gustave Courbet
  61. Gustave Moreau
  62. Gustav Klimt
  63. Hans Memling
  64. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
  65. Henri Fantin-Latour
  66. Henri Matisse
  67. Henri Rousseau
  68. Hieronymus Bosch
  69. Jacopo Bassano
  70. Jacopo Bellini
  71. Jan van Eyck
  72. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
  73. Jean-Honoré Fragonard
  74. Joan Mirò
  75. Johannes Vermeer
  76. John Constable
  77. Joshua Reynolds
  78. Jusepe de Ribera
  79. Leone Battista Alberti
  80. Lorenzo Lotto
  81. Luca Signorelli
  82. Masaccio
  83. Matthias Gruenewald
  84. Maurice Utrillo
  85. Max Ernst
  86. Odilon Redon
  87. Oskar Kokoschka
  88. Pablo Picasso
  89. Palma il Vecchio
  90. Paolo Uccello
  91. Paolo Veronese
  92. Parmigianino
  93. Paul Cézanne
  94. Paul Gauguin
  95. Paul Signac
  96. Peter Paul Rubens
  97. Piero della Francesca
  98. Piero di Cosimo
  99. Piero Pollaiuolo
  100. Pierre-Auguste Renoir
  101. Pierre Bonnard
  102. Pieter Brueghel the Elder
  103. Piet Mondriaan
  104. Pietro Annigoni
  105. Pisanello
  106. Pontormo
  107. Raphael
  108. Rembrandt
  109. Salvador Dalì
  110. Sandro Botticelli
  111. Sebastiano del Piombo
  112. Sebastiano Ricci
  113. Simone Martini
  114. Théodore Géricault
  115. Thomas Gainsborough
  116. Tintoretto
  117. Tiziano
  118. Van Dyck
  119. Vincent van Gogh
  120. Vittore Carpaccio
  121. William Blake
  122. William Hogarth

 

 
CONDIZIONI DI USO DI QUESTO SITO
L'utente può utilizzare il nostro sito solo se comprende e accetta quanto segue:

  • Le risorse linguistiche gratuite presentate in questo sito si possono utilizzare esclusivamente per uso personale e non commerciale con tassativa esclusione di ogni condivisione comunque effettuata. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. La riproduzione anche parziale è vietata senza autorizzazione scritta.
  • Il nome del sito EnglishGratis è esclusivamente un marchio e un nome di dominio internet che fa riferimento alla disponibilità sul sito di un numero molto elevato di risorse gratuite e non implica dunque alcuna promessa di gratuità relativamente a prodotti e servizi nostri o di terze parti pubblicizzati a mezzo banner e link, o contrassegnati chiaramente come prodotti a pagamento (anche ma non solo con la menzione "Annuncio pubblicitario"), o comunque menzionati nelle pagine del sito ma non disponibili sulle pagine pubbliche, non protette da password, del sito stesso.
  • La pubblicità di terze parti è in questo momento affidata al servizio Google AdSense che sceglie secondo automatismi di carattere algoritmico gli annunci di terze parti che compariranno sul nostro sito e sui quali non abbiamo alcun modo di influire. Non siamo quindi responsabili del contenuto di questi annunci e delle eventuali affermazioni o promesse che in essi vengono fatte!
  • L'utente, inoltre, accetta di tenerci indenni da qualsiasi tipo di responsabilità per l'uso - ed eventuali conseguenze di esso - degli esercizi e delle informazioni linguistiche e grammaticali contenute sul siti. Le risposte grammaticali sono infatti improntate ad un criterio di praticità e pragmaticità più che ad una completezza ed esaustività che finirebbe per frastornare, per l'eccesso di informazione fornita, il nostro utente. La segnalazione di eventuali errori è gradita e darà luogo ad una immediata rettifica.

     

    ENGLISHGRATIS.COM è un sito personale di
    Roberto Casiraghi e Crystal Jones
    email: robertocasiraghi at iol punto it

    Roberto Casiraghi           
    INFORMATIVA SULLA PRIVACY              Crystal Jones


    Siti amici:  Lonweb Daisy Stories English4Life Scuolitalia
    Sito segnalato da INGLESE.IT

 
 



GREAT PAINTERS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Edvard Munch

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
Self Portrait, 1881-1882
Self Portrait, 1881-1882

Edvard Munch (IPA: [ˈɛdvɑɖ muŋk], December 12, 1863 – January 23, 1944) was a Norwegian Symbolist painter and printmaker, and an important forerunner for Expressionistic art.

The Scream (1893; originally called Despair), Munch's best-known painting, is one of the pieces in a series titled The Frieze of Life, in which Munch explored the themes of life, love, fear, death and melancholy. As with many of his works, he painted several versions of it.

The Frieze of Life themes recur throughout Munch's work, in paintings such as The Sick Child (1886, portrait of his deceased sister Sophie), Vampire (1893–94), Ashes (1894), and The Bridge. The latter shows limp figures with featureless or hidden faces, over which loom the threatening shapes of heavy trees and brooding houses. Munch portrayed women either as frail, innocent sufferers or as lurid, life-devouring vampires. Munch analysts say this reflects his sexual anxieties.

Biography

The Scream. 1893. Oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard. Nasjonalgalleriet.
The Scream. 1893. Oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard. Nasjonalgalleriet.

Youth

Munch was born in Ådalsbruk, Norway, and grew up in Kristiania (now Oslo). He was related to painter Jacob Munch (1776 – 1839) and historian Peter Andreas Munch (1810 – 1863). He lost his mother, Laura Cathrine Munch, née Bjølstad, to tuberculosis in 1868, and his older and favorite sister Sophie (Johanne Sophie b. 1862) to the same disease in 1877. Ultimately his father, Christian Munch, died young, as well, in 1889. Munch also had a brother, (Peter) Andreas (b. 1865) and two younger sisters (Laura Cathrine b. 1867, Inger Marie b. 1868). After their mother's death, the Munch siblings were raised by their father, who instilled in his children a deep-rooted fear by repeatedly telling them that if they sinned in any way, they would be doomed to hell without chance of pardon. One of Munch's younger sisters was diagnosed with mental illness at an early age. Munch himself was also often ill. Of the five siblings only Andreas married, but he died a few months after the wedding. He would later say, "Sickness, insanity and death were the angels that surrounded my cradle and they have followed me throughout my life." A number of modern sources have described Munch's illness as probably being bipolar disorder.

Studies and influences

In 1879, Munch enrolled in a technical college to study engineering, but frequent illnesses interrupted his studies. In 1880, he left the college to become a painter. In 1881, he enrolled at the Royal School of Art and Design of Kristiania. His teachers were sculptor Julius Middelthun and naturalistic painter Christian Krohg.

While stylistically influenced by the postimpressionists, Munch's subject matter is symbolist in content, depicting a state of mind rather than an external reality. Munch maintained that the impressionist idiom did not suit his art. Interested in portraying not a random slice of reality, but situations brimming with emotional content and expressive energy, Munch carefully calculated his compositions to create a tense atmosphere.

Maturity

Munch's means of expression evolved throughout his life. In the 1880s, Munch's idiom was both naturalistic, as seen in Portrait of Hans Jæger, and impressionistic, as in (Rue Lafayette). In 1892, Munch formulated his characteristic, and original, Synthetist aesthetic, as seen in Melancholy, in which colour is the symbol-laden element. Painted in 1893, The Scream is his most famous work.

Death in the Sickroom. c. 1895. Edvard Munch. Oil on canvas. 59 x 66 in. Nasjonalgalleriet at Oslo.
Death in the Sickroom. c. 1895. Edvard Munch. Oil on canvas. 59 x 66 in. Nasjonalgalleriet at Oslo.

During the 1890s, Munch favoured a shallow pictorial space, a minimal backdrop for his frontal figures. Since poses were chosen to produce the most convincing images of states of mind and psychological conditions (Ashes), the figures impart a monumental, static quality. Munch's figures appear to play roles on a theatre stage (Death in the Sick-Room), whose pantomime of fixed postures signify various emotions; since each character embodies a single psychological dimension, as in The Scream, Munch's men and women appear more symbolic than realistic.

In 1892, the Union of Berlin Artists invited Munch to exhibit at its November exhibition. His paintings evoked bitter controversy, and after one week the exhibition closed. In Berlin, Munch involved himself in an international circle of writers, artists and critics, including the Swedish dramatist August Strindberg.

While in Berlin at the turn of the century, Munch experimented with a variety of new media (photography, lithography, and woodcuts), in many instances re-working his older imagery.

One of his great supporters in Berlin was Walter Rathenau, later the German foreign minister, who greatly contributed to his success.

In the autumn of 1908, Munch's anxiety became acute and he entered the clinic of Dr. Daniel Jacobsen. The therapy Munch received in hospital changed his personality, and after returning to Norway in 1909 he showed more interest in nature subjects, and his work became more colourful and less pessimistic.

Later life and legacy

In the 1930s and 1940s, the National Socialists labeled his work "degenerate art", and removed his work from German museums. This deeply hurt Munch, who had come to feel Germany was his second homeland.

Munch built himself a studio and simple house at Ekely estate, at Skøyen, Oslo, and spent the last decades of his life there.[1]He died there on January 23, 1944, about a month after his 80th birthday. He left 1,000 paintings, 15,400 prints, 4,500 drawings and watercolors, and six sculptures to the city of Oslo, which built the Munch Museum at Tøyen. The museum houses the broadest collection of his works. His works are also represented in major museums and galleries in Norway and abroad.

Munch appears on the Norwegian 1,000 Kroner note along with pictures inspired by his artwork. [1]

"From my rotting body, flowers shall grow and I am in them and that is eternity."
—Edvard Munch

Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life, Love and Death

The Dance of Life. 1899 – 1900. Edvard Munch. Oil on canvas, 49½ x 75 in. Nasjonalgalleriet
The Dance of Life. 1899 – 1900. Edvard Munch. Oil on canvas, 49½ x 75 in. Nasjonalgalleriet

In December 1893, Unter den Linden in Berlin held an exhibition of Munch's work, showing, among other pieces, six paintings entitled Study for a Series: Love. This began a cycle he later called the Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life, Love and Death. Frieze of Life motifs such as The Storm and Moonlight are steeped in atmosphere. Other motifs illuminate the nocturnal side of love, such as Rose and Amelie and Vampire. In Death in the Sickroom (1893), the subject is the death of his sister Sophie. The dramatic focus of the painting, portraying his entire family, is dispersed in a series of separate and disconnected figures of sorrow. In 1894, he enlarged the spectrum of motifs by adding Anxiety, Ashes, Madonna and Women in Three Stages.

Around the turn of the century, Munch worked to finish the Frieze. He painted a number of pictures, several of them in larger format and to some extent featuring the Art Nouveau aesthetics of the time. He made a wooden frame with carved reliefs for the large painting Metabolism (1898), initially called Adam and Eve. This work reveals Munch's preoccupation with the "fall of man" myth and his pessimistic philosophy of love. Motifs such as The Empty Cross and Golgotha (both c. 1900) reflect a metaphysical orientation, and also echo Munch's pietistic upbringing. The entire Frieze showed for the first time at the secessionist exhibition in Berlin in 1902.

Trivia

  • One version of The Scream was stolen in 1994, another in 2004. Both have since been recovered, but one version sustained damage during the theft which may be too extensive to repair completely.
  • After the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China ended, Munch was the first Western artist to have his pictures exhibited at the National Gallery in Beijing.
  • Some art historians believe that the red sky in the background of The Scream reflects the unusually intense sunsets seen throughout the world following the 1883 eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa.
  • Solefald wrote a song about him on their 2003 album In Harmonia Universali, titled "Christiania (Edvard Munch Commemoration)"
  • In October 2006, the colour woodcut Two people. The lonely (To mennesker. De ensomme) set a new record for his engravings when it was sold at an auction in Oslo for 8.1 million NOK (1.27 million USD).
  • Google celebrated his birthday in 2006 by changing the logo on the main page to a tribute to his well-known painting The Scream.
  • On an episode of "The Simpsons," the town bullies steal The Scream as a side gag.

Further reading

  • Sue Prideaux, Behind the Scream(London: Yale University Press, 2006) Winner of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Biography, 2006
  • Reinhold Heller, Munch. His life and work (London: Murray, 1984).
  • Gustav Schiefler, Verzeichnis des graphischen Werks Edvard Munchs bis 1906 (Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1907).
  • Gustav Schiefler, Edvard Munch. Das graphische Werk 1906 – 1926 (Berlin: Euphorion, 1928).
  • J. Gill Holland The Private Journals of Edvard Munch: We Are Flames Which Pour out of the Earth (University of Wisconsin Press 2005)
  • Edward Dolnick The Rescue Artist: A True Story of Art, Thieves, and the Hunt for a Missing Masterpiece (HarperCollins, 2005) (Recounts the 1994 theft of The Scream from Norway's National Gallery in Oslo, and its eventual recovery.)

List of major works

  • 1892 - Evening on Karl Johan
  • 1893 - The Scream
  • 1894 - Ashes
  • 1894-95 - Madonna
  • 1895 - Puberty
  • 1895 - Self-Portrait with Burning Cigarette
  • 1895 - Death in the Sickroom
  • 1899-1900 - The Dance of Life
  • 1899-1900 - The Dead Mother
  • 1940-42 - Self Portrait: Between Clock and Bed

References

  • Fineman, Mia (Nov. 22, 2005). "Existential Superstar". Slate (magazine).

Notes

  1. ^ Chipp, H.B. Theories of Modern Art: A Source Book by Artists and Critics, page 114. University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-05256-0

See also

  • Painting the Century 101 Portrait Masterpieces 1900-2000
  • Edvard Munch (film)
  • Madonna painting

External links

  • Biography from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  • The Munch Museum
  • Gallery Munch - Løten
  • Munch at artcyclopedia
  • Interpol's page about the stolen works of art
  • Rothenberg A. Bipolar illness, creativity, and treatment. Psychiatr Q. 2001 Summer;72(2):131-47.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch"