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WIKIMAG n. 2 - Gennaio 2013
Sanremo Music Festival
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The Festival della canzone italiana di Sanremo (in English:
Sanremo Italian song festival) is a popular
Italian song contest, held annually in the city of
Sanremo,
in Italy,
and consisting of a competition amongst previously unreleased songs.[1]
Usually referred to as Festival di Sanremo, or outside Italy as
Sanremo Music Festival, it was the inspiration for the
Eurovision Song Contest.[2]
The first edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, held between 29 and
31 January 1951, was broadcast by
RAI's radio
station
Rete Rossa and its only two participants were
Nilla Pizzi and
Achille Togliani, supported by Duo Fasano.[3]
Starting from 1955 all the editions of the Festival have been broadcast
live by the Italian TV station
Rai 1.[4][5]
From 1951 to 1976, the Festival took place in the Sanremo Casinò, but
starting from 1977, all the following editions were held in the
Teatro Ariston,[6]
except 1990's one, held at the Nuovo Mercato dei Fiori.[7]
Between 1953 and 1971, except in 1956, each song was sung twice by
two different artists, each one using an individual orchestral
arrangement, to illustrate the meaning of the festival as a composers'
competition, not a singers' competition. During this era of the
festival, it was custom that one version of the song was performed by a
native Italian artist while the other version was performed by an
international guest artist.[8]
The festival has been used as the way of choosing the Italian entry
to the
Eurovision Song Contest from 1956 to 1966, in 1972, 1997,[9]
2011[10]
and 2012. It has also launched the careers of many very famous Italian
singers, including
Andrea Bocelli,[11]
Paola e Chiara,
Giorgia,[12]
Laura Pausini,[13]
Eros Ramazzotti,[14]
and
Gigliola Cinquetti.[15]
History
The Sanremo Casinò hosted the Sanremo Music Festival between
1951 and 1976.
In the
aftermath of World War II, one of the proposals to revitalize the
economy and the reputation of
Sanremo
was to create an annual music festival to be held in the city.[16]
During the summer of 1950, the administrator of the Sanremo Casinò,
Piero Bussetti, and the conductor of the RAI orchestra, Giulio Razzi,
rediscussed the idea, deciding to launch a competition among previously
unreleased songs.[17]
Officially titled Festival della Canzone Italiana (English: Italian
song festival), the first edition of the show was held at the
Sanremo Casinò on 29, 30 and 31 January 1951.[16]
The final of the competition was broadcast by
Rete Rossa, the second most important
RAI radio
station.[18]
Twenty songs took part in the competition, performed by three artists
only–Nilla
Pizzi, Duo Fasano and
Achille Togliani.[8]
Starting from the third edition of the festival, held in 1953, each
song was performed by two different artists with different orchestras
and arrangements.[19]
Two years later, in 1955, the festival made its first appearance on
television, since part of the final night was also broadcast by RAI's
channel
Programma Nazionale.[20]
The last night of the show was also broadcast in Belgium, France,
Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland.[18]
In 1964, Gianni Ravera, who organized the 14th Sanremo Music
Festival, slightly changed the rules of the contest, requiring each song
to be performed once by an Italian artist, and once by an international
singer,[21]
which was allowed to perform the song in any language.[8]
The same rule was applied in the following year's contest.[22]
Between 1967 and 1971, entries were not forced to be interpreted by
foreign artists, but double performances were kept. Starting from 1972,
each entry was sung by one artist only.[23]
The
Teatro Ariston hosts the Sanremo Music Festival since
1977. The only exception was 1990's contest, hosted at
Sanremo's Palafiori.
The competing artists were split for the first time into "Big
artists" and "Young artists" during the Sanremo Music Festival 1974. The
competition had one winner only, but the entries in the "Young artists"
category had to go through an elimination round, while "Big artists"
were directly admitted to the final.[8]
In 1977, the Sanremo Casinò, which hosted all the previous editions
of the contest, was not available for renovations, therefore the show
moved to the
Teatro Ariston.[24]
The theater later became the usual location for the annual contest,[25]
hosting it every year except in 1990, when the show was held at the
Nuovo Mercato dei Fiori, also known as Palafiori.[26]
In 1980, pre-recorded backing tracks replaced the orchestra, while
playback performances where allowed in 1983 during the final.[27]
In 1984 and 1985, all the artists were forced to perform in playback,
while live performances with the orchestra were reintroduced in 1986.[27]
During the same years, several other changes were introduced in the
contest. In 1982, accredited music journalists decedided to create an
award to recognize the best song competing in the festival. Starting
from 1983, the prize was officially awarded during the event. The
cristcs' prize was later entitled to
Mia Martini, who was the first artist receiving it in 1982 for her
entry "E non finisce mica il cielo".[28]
Moreover, starting from 1984, the separation between newcomers and
established artists was marked introducing two different competitions
with separate winners.[8]
In 1989 a third category, the Upcoming Artists Section, was introduced,
but it was removed the following year.[29]
Only in 1998 the top three artists in the newcomers section were allowed
to compete in the main competition. This led to the victory of the
debuting
Annalisa Minetti, which generated several controversy and led to the
reintroduction of completely separated competitions starting from 1999.[30]
The distinction among different categories was abolished again in
2004.[31]
The following year, the contest included five different
categories—Newcomers, Men, Women, Groups and Classics. The winner of
each category competed for the final victory of the contest.[32]
The category Classic was abolished in 2006,[33]
while starting from 2007 the festival came back to the rules used in the
1990s, with two completely separated competitions for established
artists and newcomers.[34]
In 2009, a new competition, entirely held through the
Web, was introduce by the president of the 59th edition of the
contest,
Paolo Bonolis. Titled Sanremofestival.59,[35]
the contest was not held in the following years.
Winners
Big Artists
section
1950s
Domenico Modugno won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1958,
1959, 1962 and 1966.
1960s
Roberto Carlos won the Sanremo Music Festival with Sergio
Endrigo in 1968.
1970s
Adriano Celentano and Claudia Mori won the Sanremo Music
Festival in 1970.
1980s
Anna Oxa won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1989 with Fausto
Leali, singing "Ti lascerò". She also won ten years later
with "Senza pietà".
1990s
Giorgia won the Sanremo Music Festival in 1995. In 2001, she
took second place singing "Di sole e d'azzurro".
2000s
Elisa debuted in the Sanremo Music Festival in 2001, when
she won with the song "Luce (Tramonti a nord est)",
co-written with Italian singer-songwriter
Zucchero. It was her first Italian-language song.
2010s
Emma Marrone, winner of the 2012 festival with her song
"Non è l'inferno"
Newcomers section
Eros Ramazzotti was the first winner of the Newcomers
section, in 1984, with the song "Terra promessa". He also
ranked first in the big section in 1986 with "Adesso
tu".
1980s
1990s
2000s
Dolcenera won the Sanremo Music Festival in the Newcomers
section in 2003, singing "Siamo tutti là fuori".
2010s
Other sections
Critics Award "Mia Martini"
Big Artists section and Newcomers section
Mia Martini was the first winner of the Critics Award, in
1982. The Award was later entitled to her memory.
Fiorella Mannoia won the Critics Award in 1987 and in 1988.
Malika Ayane won the Critics Award in 2010, singing
"Ricomincio da qui".
Raphael Gualazzi won the Critics Award in the Newcomers
section in 2011, with the song "Follia d'amore".
Notable
foreign duet singers
Louis Armstrong participated in the festival in 1968.
Notable guest artists of that time were, among others:
- 1964:
Peggy March, team partner of Claudio Villa with "Passo su
passo", semi-finals only.[137][138]
- 1965:
Connie Francis, team partner of
Gigliola Cinquetti with "Ho bisogno di vederti".[139]
- 1965:
Petula Clark, team partner of
Betty Curtis with "Invece no".[140]
- 1965:
Dusty Springfield, team partner of Gianni Mascolo with "Di
fronte all'amore", semi-finals only.[140]
- 1966:
Gene Pitney, team partner of
Caterina Caselli with "Nessuno mi può giudicare".[141]
- 1966:
Pat Boone, team partner of Peppino Gagliardi with "Se tu non
fossi qui"[141]
- 1967:
Dalida,
team partner of
Luigi Tenco with "Ciao, amore ciao", semi-finals only.[142]
- 1968:
Roberto Carlos, team partner of
Sergio Endrigo with "Canzone per te" (winner).[143]
- 1968:
Bobbie Gentry, team partner of
Al Bano with "La siepe".[143]
- 1968:
Dionne Warwick, team partner of Tony del Monaco with "La voce
del silenzio".[143]
- 1968:
Louis Armstrong, team partner of
Lara Saint Paul with "Mi va di cantare".[143]
- 1968:
Wilson Pickett, team partner of
Fausto Leali with "Deborah".[143]
- 1969:
Mary Hopkin, team partner of
Sergio Endrigo with "Lontano dagli occhi" (second place).[144]
- 1969:
Stevie Wonder, team partner of
Gabriella Ferri with "Se tu ragazzo mio", semi-finals only.[144]
- 1971:
José Feliciano, team partner of Ricchi e Poveri with "Che sarà"
(second place).[145]
Hosts
Pippo Baudo presented thirteen editions of the Sanremo Music
Festival.
The first edition of the Sanremo Music Festival was hosted by Nunzio
Filogamo. He also hosted the next three editions of the musical event.
In 2003, Pippo Baudo hosted the festival for the eleventh time, matching
the record previously held by Mike Bongiorno.[146]
He later overtook this record, hosting the Sanremo Music Festival in
2007 and in 2008.[147]
This is the full list of the hosts of the festival:[148]
- 1951 – Nunzio Filogamo
- 1952 – Nunzio Filogamo
- 1953 – Nunzio Filogamo
- 1954 – Nunzio Filogamo
- 1955 – Armando Pizzo, Maria Teresa Ruta
- 1956 – Fausto Tommei, Maria Teresa Ruta
- 1957 – Nunzio Filogamo,
Marisa Allasio, Fiorella Mari
- 1958 –
Gianni Agus, Fulvia Colombo
- 1959 –
Enzo Tortora,
Adriana Serra
- 1960 – Enza Sampò,
Paolo Ferrari
- 1961 – Lilly Lembo, Giuliana Calandra
- 1962 – Renato Tagliani, Laura Efrikian, Vicky Ludovisi
- 1963 –
Mike Bongiorno, Edy Campagnoli, Rossana Armani, Giuliana
Copreni, Maria Giovannini
- 1964 – Mike Bongiorno, Giuliana Lojodice
- 1965 – Mike Bongiorno,
Grazia Maria Spina
- 1966 – Mike Bongiorno, Paola Penni, Carla M. Puccini
- 1967 – Mike Bongiorno,
Renata Mauro
- 1968 –
Pippo Baudo,
Luisa Rivelli
- 1969 – Nuccio Costa, Gabriella Farinon
- 1970 – Nuccio Costa,
Enrico Maria Salerno,
Ira Fürstenberg
- 1971 –
Carlo Giuffrè,
Elsa Martinelli
- 1972 – Mike Bongiorno,
Sylva Koscina
- 1973 – Mike Bongiorno, Gabriella Farinon
- 1974 –
Corrado, Gabriella Farinon
- 1975 – Mike Bongiorno, Sabina Ciuffini
- 1976 – Giancarlo Guardabassi
- 1977 – Mike Bongiorno, Maria Giovanna Elmi
- 1978 –
Beppe Grillo, Maria Giovanna Elmi,
Stefania Casini, Vittorio Salvetti
- 1979 – Mike Bongiorno,
Annamaria Rizzoli
- 1980 – Claudio Cecchetto,
Roberto Benigni, Olimpia Carlisi, Daniele Piombi
- 1981 – Claudio Cecchetto, Eleonora Vallone,
Nilla Pizzi, Franco Solfiti
- 1982 – Claudio Cecchetto, Patrizia Rossetti, Daniele Piombi
- 1983 – Andrea Giordana, Emanuela Falcetti, Anna Pettinelli,
Isabel Russinova, Daniele Piombi, Roberta Manfredi
- 1984 –
Pippo Baudo,
Elisabetta Gardini, Edy Angelillo, Viola Simoncini
- 1985 – Pippo Baudo,
Patty Brard
- 1986 –
Loretta Goggi, Anna Pettinelli, Sergio Mancinelli, Mauro
Micheloni
- 1987 – Pippo Baudo, Carlo Massarini
- 1988 –
Miguel Bosè, Gabriella Carlucci, Carlo Massarini, Kay Sandvik,
Lara St.Paul, Memo Remigi
- 1989 – Rosita Celentano, Paola Dominguin,
Danny Quinn, Gianmarco Tognazzi, Kay Sandvik, Ann Clare Matz
- 1990 –
Johnny Dorelli, Gabriella Carlucci
- 1991 –
Edwige Fenech,
Andrea Occhipinti
- 1992 – Pippo Baudo,
Milly Carlucci,
Alba Parietti,
Brigitte Nielsen[149]
- 1993 – Pippo Baudo,
Lorella Cuccarini
- 1994 – Pippo Baudo,
Anna Oxa, Cannelle
- 1995 – Pippo Baudo,
Anna Falchi,
Claudia Koll
- 1996 – Pippo Baudo,
Valeria Mazza,
Sabrina Ferilli
- 1997 – Mike Bongiorno, Piero Chiambretti,
Valeria Marini
- 1998 –
Raimondo Vianello,
Eva Herzigova, Veronica Pivetti
- 1999 –
Fabio Fazio,
Renato Dulbecco,
Laetitia Casta
- 2000 – Fabio Fazio,
Luciano Pavarotti,
Teo Teocoli,
Ines Sastre
- 2001 –
Raffaella Carrà,
Megan Gale, Enrico Papi,
Massimo Ceccherini
- 2002 – Pippo Baudo,
Manuela Arcuri,
Vittoria Belvedere
- 2003 – Pippo Baudo,
Serena Autieri,
Claudia Gerini
- 2004 –
Simona Ventura,
Paola Cortellesi,
Gene Gnocchi
- 2005 –
Paolo Bonolis,
Antonella Clerici, Federica Felini
- 2006 –
Giorgio Panariello,
Victoria Cabello,
Ilary Blasi
-
2007 – Pippo Baudo,
Michelle Hunziker
-
2008 – Pippo Baudo, Piero Chiambretti,
Andrea Osvart,
Bianca Guaccero
-
2009 – Paolo Bonolis, Luca Laurenti
-
2010 – Antonella Clerici
-
2011 –
Gianni Morandi,
Elisabetta Canalis,
Belen Rodriguez, Luca Bizzarri, Paolo Kessisoglu
-
2012 – Gianni Morandi, Ivana Mrazova,
Rocco Papaleo[150]
- 2013 – Fabio Fazio,[151]
Luciana Littizzetto[152]
Controversy
Povia at the 2009 Sanremo Festival.
In 2009 the song "Luca era gay" (English: Luca Used to Be Gay),
written and sung by
Povia, was considered by some gay rights organizations as an
anti-gay song.[153]
The controversy was also based on the name of the song's character:
according to Aurelio Mancuso, president of the
Arcigay,
the name refers to Luca Tolvi, who claimed that
Joseph Nicolosi cured his homosexuality.[154]
Povia denied this thesis and claimed that the song is about a man he met
on a train, whose real name is Massimiliano.[155]
The song won second place in the Festival.[156]
Trivia
- In
The Talented Mr. Ripley by
Patricia Highsmith and its film adaptations, Dickie Greenleaf
invites Tom Ripley to travel to the Sanremo Music Festival to enjoy
some jazz, as a parting gesture before sending Ripley on his way.
The ensuing events in San Remo have major implications for all of
the characters.
- The song "Perdere l'amore" was proposed in 1987 by Gianni
Nazzaro and rejected in the preliminary song screening. A year later
it was proposed by
Massimo Ranieri and won the contest.[157]
- In 1990
Patty Pravo turned down the opportunity to participate in the
Sanremo Music Festival with "Donna con te", which was sung in the
event by
Anna Oxa.[158]
- In 2007, the song "Bruci la città" was rejected in the
screening, mainly as a decision of that year's artistic director
Pippo Baudo, who later explained that the decision was due to
the poor quality of the received demo.[159]
However, the song was later released by
Irene Grandi and became one of her biggest hits.[160]
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