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WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
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ART
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ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Academic Free License
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  7. Alternative terms for free software
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  15. August Penguin
  16. Benetech
  17. Benevolent Dictator for Life
  18. BerliOS
  19. Binary blob
  20. BK02
  21. Blender Foundation
  22. Bruce Perens' Open Source Series
  23. BSD licenses
  24. CeCILL
  25. CE Linux Forum
  26. Clarkson Open Source Institute
  27. Code Breakers
  28. CodePlex
  29. Collaborative software development model
  30. Collaborative Source license
  31. Common Development and Distribution License
  32. Common Public License
  33. Comparison of free software hosting facilities
  34. CONSOL
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  38. Debconf
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  40. Debian Manifesto
  41. Desktop Developers' Conference
  42. Eclipse Foundation
  43. Eclipse Public License
  44. Enterprise open source journal
  45. European Union Public Licence
  46. Everybody Loves Eric Raymond
  47. Forum Internacional Software Livre
  48. Fedora Project
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  54. Free Culture movement
  55. Freedesktop.org
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  57. Freepository
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  59. Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit
  60. Free software community
  61. Free Software Directory
  62. Free Software Foundation
  63. Free Software Foundation Europe
  64. Free Software Foundation Latin America
  65. Free Software Foundation of India
  66. Free Software Initiative of Japan
  67. Free software license
  68. Free Software Magazine
  69. Free software movement
  70. Free Software Song
  71. Free Standards Group
  72. FSF Award for the Advancement of Free Software
  73. GCC Summit
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  75. GNAT Modified General Public License
  76. Gnits Standards
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  80. GNU Free Documentation License
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  82. GNU Lesser General Public License
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  84. GNU Savannah
  85. GNU Simpler Free Documentation License
  86. Google Code
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  98. IBM Public License
  99. IBM Type-III Library
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  103. ISC licence
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  105. Jimbo Wales
  106. KDE Dot News
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  108. LAMP
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  112. libpng
  113. Libre Software Meeting
  114. Linus's Law
  115. Linus Torvalds
  116. Linux.conf.au
  117. Linux conference
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  121. Linux Journal
  122. Linux Kongress
  123. Linux naming controversy
  124. LinuxQuestions.org
  125. LinuxTag
  126. Linux User Group
  127. LinuxWorld Conference and Expo
  128. List of software that uses the MIT License
  129. LiveJournal
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  131. LXer
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  133. MozBin
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  135. Mozilla Add-ons
  136. Mozilla Foundation
  137. Mozilla Public License
  138. MozillaZine
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  141. Netscape Public License
  142. NewsForge
  143. New Zealand Open Source Society
  144. NonProfit Open Source Initiative
  145. Non-proprietary software
  146. Nupedia Open Content License
  147. ObjectWeb
  148. Ohio LinuxFest
  149. Ohloh
  150. O3 Magazine
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  154. Open design
  155. OpenDocument Format Alliance
  156. OpenLP
  157. Open outsourcing
  158. Open Security Foundation
  159. Open Software License
  160. Open-source advocacy
  161. Open Source Applications Foundation
  162. Open-source culture
  163. Open Source Definition
  164. Open Source Developers' Conference
  165. Open-source evangelist
  166. Open source funding
  167. Open Source Geospatial Foundation
  168. Open Source Initiative
  169. Open source movement
  170. Open source movie
  171. Open-source software
  172. Open source software development
  173. Open source software development method
  174. Open Source Software Institute
  175. Open source teaching
  176. Open source vs. closed source
  177. Open-sourcing
  178. O'Reilly Open Source Convention
  179. Organisation for Free Software in Education and Teaching
  180. OSDL
  181. Ottawa Linux Symposium
  182. Patent Commons
  183. PHP License
  184. Pionia
  185. Pionia Organization
  186. Proprietary software
  187. Protecting the Virtual Commons
  188. Public Documentation License
  189. Public-domain equivalent license
  190. Python License
  191. Python Software Foundation License
  192. Q Public License
  193. RealNetworks Public Source License
  194. Reciprocal Public License
  195. Red Hat
  196. Revolution OS
  197. Richard Stallman
  198. RubyForge
  199. Sarovar
  200. Savane
  201. SIL Open Font License
  202. Simputer General Public License
  203. SIPfoundry
  204. Slashdot
  205. Sleepycat License
  206. Software Freedom Day
  207. Software Freedom Law Center
  208. Software in the Public Interest
  209. SourceForge
  210. Spread Firefox
  211. Sun Industry Standards Source License
  212. Sun Public License
  213. Sybase Open Watcom Public License
  214. Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate
  215. Tectonic Magazine
  216. The Cathedral and the Bazaar
  217. The Freedom Toaster
  218. The Free Software Definition
  219. The Perl Foundation
  220. The Right to Read
  221. The Summit Open Source Development Group
  222. Tigris.org
  223. Tivoization
  224. Tux
  225. Tux Magazine
  226. Ubuntu Foundation
  227. Use of Free and Open Source Software in the U.S. Department of Defense
  228. Vores Ol
  229. W3C Software Notice and License
  230. Webgpl
  231. What the Hack
  232. Wizards of OS
  233. WTFPL
  234. X.Org Foundation
  235. Xiph.Org Foundation
  236. Yet Another Perl Conference
  237. Yogurt

 

 
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FREE SOFTWARE CULTURE
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum-Torvalds_debate

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

The Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate is a debate between Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Linus Torvalds, regarding Linux and kernel architecture in general. The debate was begun by Tanenbaum in 1992 on the Usenet discussion group comp.os.minix,[1] Tanenbaum arguing that microkernels are superior to monolithic kernels and that, for this reason, Linux is obsolete. The debate was not restricted to just Tanenbaum and Torvalds, as it was on a Usenet group; other notable hackers such as Ken Thompson (one of the founders of Unix) and David Miller joined in as well.

Due to the strong tone used in the newsgroup posts, the debate has widely been recognized as a "flame war", a deliberately hostile exchange of messages, between the two camps (of Linux and MINIX, or alternatively, of monolithic kernel enthusiasts and microkernel enthusiasts) and has been described as such in various publications.[2] Torvalds himself also acknowledged this in his first newsgroup post about the issue, stating (verbatim) "I'd like to be able to just 'ignore the bait', but ... Time for some serious flamefesting!"[3]

This subject was revisited in 2006, again with Tanenbaum as initiator, after he had written a cover story for Computer magazine titled “Can We Make Operating Systems Reliable and Secure?”[4] After Torvalds posted a rebuttal of Tanenbaum's arguments via an online discussion forum,[5] several technology news sites, such as Slashdot, began reporting the issue.[6]

The debate

Graphic depicting the monolithic kernel, which runs in kernel space in supervisor mode entirely.
Graphic depicting the monolithic kernel, which runs in kernel space in supervisor mode entirely.

While the debate initially started out as relatively moderate, with both parties involved making only basal statements about kernel design towards each other, it would get progressively more detailed and sophisticated with every "round" of posts. Besides just kernel design, the debate branched into several other topics, such as which microprocessor architecture would win out over the other ones in the future.

Dr. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, or "ast", as he is referred to at comp.os.minix
Dr. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, or "ast", as he is referred to at comp.os.minix

 

"Linux is obsolete"

The first occurrence of this debate was recorded on January 29, 1992, at 1:12 PM CET, when Tanenbaum first posted his criticism on the Linux kernel to comp.os.minix, noting how the monolithic design was causing detriment to its abilities.[1] He aptly titled his post "Linux is obsolete". While he initially did not go into great technical detail to explain why he felt that the microkernel design was better, he did suggest that it was mostly related to portability, arguing that the Linux kernel was too closely tied to the x86 line of processors to be of any use in the future, as this architecture would be superseded by then. To put things into perspective, he mentioned how writing a monolithic kernel in 1991 is "a giant step back into the 1970s".

As the criticism was publicly posted in a newsgroup, Torvalds was able to respond to it directly. He did so a day later (12:14 AM CET), arguing that MINIX has inherent design flaws (naming the lack of multithreading as specific example), while acknowledging that he finds the microkernel kernel design to be superior "from a theoretical and aesthetical" point of view. He also claimed that since he was developing the Linux kernel in his spare time and giving it away for free (Tanenbaum's MINIX was not free at that time), Tanenbaum should not object to his efforts. Furthermore, he mentioned how he developed Linux specifically for the Intel 80386 due to the project being partly just so he could learn more about the architecture; while he argued that this made the kernel itself less portable than MINIX, it was an acceptable design principle, as it made the application programming interface much simpler and more portable. For this reason, he stated, "linux is more portable than minix. [sic]"[3]

Graphic depicting the microkernel, which relies heavily on user-space programs (called "servers").
Graphic depicting the microkernel, which relies heavily on user-space programs (called "servers").

Following Linus' reply, Tanenbaum argued that the limitations of MINIX relate to him being a professor, stating the requirement for the system to be able to run on the rather limited hardware of the average student, which he noted was an Intel 8088-based computer, sometimes even without hard drive. Linux was, at that time, specifically built for the Intel 80386, a significantly more powerful (and expensive) processor. Tanenbaum also specifically states "[...] as of about 1 year ago, there were two versions [of MINIX], one for the PC (360K diskettes) and one for the 286/386 (1.2M). The PC version was outselling the 286/386 version by 2 to 1." He noted that even though Linux was free, it wouldn't be a viable choice for his students, as they would not be able to purchase the expensive hardware required to run it. Despite the fact that MINIX did not fully support the newer hardware that Linux did support, thus making Linux a better choice for those who actually owned that hardware, Tanenbaum argued that since the x86 architecture would be outdone by other architecture designs in the future, he did not need to address the issue, noting "Of course 5 years from now that will be different, but 5 years from now everyone will be running free GNU on their 200 MIPS, 64M SPARCstation-5." He pointed out that the Linux kernel would eventually fall out of taste as hardware would progress due to it being so closely tied to the 386 architecture.[citation needed]

Torvalds attempted to end the discussion at that point, stating that he felt he should not have overreacted to Tanenbaum's initial statements, and that he was composing a personal e-mail to him to apologize.[citation needed] He would continue the debate at a later time, however.[citation needed]

Aftermath

Despite this debate, Torvalds and Tanenbaum appear to be on good speaking terms; Torvalds wants it understood that he holds no animosity towards Tanenbaum, and Tanenbaum underlines that disagreements about ideas or technical issues should not be interpreted as personal feuds.[7] When the issue and full (initial) debate was also published in the O'Reilly Media book Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution in 1999, it stated that the debate serves as an exemplification of "the way the world was thinking about OS design at the time".[7]

See also

  • Linus Torvalds
  • Andrew S. Tanenbaum
  • Linux (kernel)
  • MINIX
  • Monolithic kernel
  • Microkernel

References

  1. ^ a b A. S. Tanenbaum (1992-01-29). "LINUX is obsolete". comp.os.minix. (Google Groups). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  2. ^ Williams, S. (March 2001). “GNU/Linux”, Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software (in English). O'Reilly Media. ISBN 0-596-00287-4. “This quote is taken from the much-publicized Torvalds-Tanenbaum 'flame war' following the initial release of Linux.”
  3. ^ a b L. Torvalds (1992-01-29). "Re: LINUX is obsolete". comp.os.minix. (Google Groups). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  4. ^ Tanenbaum, A. S. (May 2006). "Can We Make Operating Systems Reliable and Secure?". IEEE Computer Society 39 (5): 44–51. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  5. ^ Torvalds, L. (May 2006). Hybrid kernel, not NT. Real World Technologies. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
  6. ^ "diegocgteleline.es" & "ScuttleMonkey" (2006). Torvalds on the Microkernel Debate. Slashdot. Retrieved on September 28, 2006.
  7. ^ a b DiBona, Chris; Sam Ockman, Mark Stone, Brian Behlendorf, Scott Bradner, Jim Hamerly, Kirk McKusick, Tim O'Reilly, Tom Paquin, Bruce Perens, Eric Raymond, Richard Stallman, Michael Tiemann, Linus Torvalds, Paul Vixie, Larry Wall, Bob Young (January 1999). “The Tanenbaum-Torvalds Debate”, Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution (in English). O'Reilly Media. ISBN 1-56592-582-3. “When Linus himself heard that we were including this, he wanted to make sure that the world understood that he holds no animus towards Tanenbaum and in fact would not have sanctioned its inclusion if we had not been able to convince him that it would show the way the world was thinking about OS design at the time.”

External links

 
  • O'Reilly Media - Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, Appendix A / The Tanenbaum-Torvalds Debate
  • The debate continues in 2006
  • Tanenbaum-Torvalds Debate: Part II started again in May 2006
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum-Torvalds_debate"