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WIKIMAG n. 7 - Giugno 2013 
Rihanna
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Rihanna
Rihanna 5, 2012.jpg
Rihanna at the Battleship film premiere in Australia, April 2012.
Background information
Birth name Robyn Rihanna Fenty
Born February 20, 1988 (age 25)[1]
Saint Michael, Barbados
Genres R&B, pop, dancehall, reggae, hip hop, dance
Occupations Recording artist, actress, fashion designer
Years active 2004–present
Labels Def Jam, SRP[2][3]
Associated acts Chris Brown, Drake, Jay-Z, Ne-Yo, Eminem, Nicki Minaj
Website www.rihannanow.com

Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born February 20, 1988), known by her stage name Rihanna (/riˈɑːnə/ ree-AH-nə or /riˈænə/ ree-AN-ə, from the Welsh name Rhiannon[4]), is a Barbadian recording artist, actress, and fashion designer. Born in Saint Michael, Barbados, she began her career after meeting record producer Evan Rogers in late 2003. At age 16, she moved to the United States to pursue a music career. She began recording demo tapes under Rogers' guidance, and signed a contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its president and CEO, rapper Jay-Z.

Rihanna's debut studio album, Music of the Sun (2005), featuring the Billboard Hot 100 top three hit single "Pon de Replay", peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart. Her second album, A Girl Like Me (2006), peaked at number five in the United States, and included her first Hot 100 number one single, "SOS". Rihanna's third album, Good Girl Gone Bad (2007), spawned the international hit singles "Umbrella", "Don't Stop the Music", "Take a Bow", and "Disturbia". The album was nominated for nine Grammy Awards, winning Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Umbrella". Her fourth album, Rated R (2009), produced the top ten singles "Russian Roulette" and "Hard", plus the number one hit "Rude Boy". Rihanna's fifth album, Loud (2010), spawned the number one hit singles "Only Girl (In the World)", "What's My Name?", and "S&M". Her sixth album, Talk That Talk (2011), included the worldwide chart topper "We Found Love" and the top five single "Where Have You Been". Rihanna's seventh album, Unapologetic (2012), became her first number one album on the Billboard 200 and generated her twelfth Hot 100 number one single "Diamonds" and the top five hit "Stay". In addition to her solo music, Rihanna has collaborated with numerous other artists, including being featured on the worldwide hits "Live Your Life" (with T.I.) and "Love the Way You Lie" (with Eminem).

Rihanna's work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including seven Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, 22 Billboard Music Awards, and two BRIT Awards. Rihanna has sold more than 150 million records worldwide, which makes her one of the best-selling artists of all time.[5] She has achieved twelve number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, the youngest solo artist to achieve the feat. Billboard named Rihanna the Digital Songs Artist of the 2000s decade, and ranked her seventeenth overall for that decade.[6][7] In 2012, Forbes ranked her as the fourth most powerful celebrity of 2012, with earnings of $53 million between May 2011 and May 2012. The same year, American magazine TIME named Rihanna one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.

Contents

Life and music career

1988–2004: Early life and music career beginnings

Rihanna grew up in the city of Bridgetown, Barbados.[8]

Robyn Rihanna Fenty was born on February 20, 1988, in Saint Michael, Barbados. Her mother is Monica Braithwaite, a retired Afro-Guyanese accountant, and her father is Ronald Fenty, a warehouse supervisor of Barbadian and Irish descent.[9][10] Rihanna has two brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty, and two half-sisters and a half-brother from her father's side, each born to different mothers from his previous relationships.[11][12][13] She grew up in a three-bedroom bungalow in Bridgetown and sold clothes with her father in a stall on the street. Rihanna's childhood was deeply affected by her father's addiction to crack cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana, and her parents' turbulent marriage ended when she was 14.[8][10][14] Rihanna grew up listening to reggae music and began singing at around the age of seven.[11][15] She attended Charles F. Broome Memorial Primary School and Combermere High School, where she formed a musical trio with two of her classmates.[11] Rihanna was an army cadet in a sub-military programme; the singer-songwriter Shontelle was her drill sergeant.[16] Although she initially wanted to graduate from high school, she chose to pursue a musical career instead.[17]

Rihanna's career began through her association with American record producers Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers; she met Rogers through mutual friends in Barbados in December 2003.[18] Rogers asked Rihanna to come to his hotel room, where she performed renditions of the songs "Emotion" and "Hero".[18] This impressed Rogers, who then took Rihanna and her mother to New York to record some demo tapes.[18][19] Rihanna was signed to Rogers' and Sturken's production company, Syndicated Rhythm Productions, who assigned her a lawyer and manager. A demo tape was distributed to record labels around the world in 2004.[19] In February 2005, Rihanna auditioned for president and CEO of Def Jam Recordings Jay-Z and industry executive L.A. Reid, performing Whitney Houston's version of "For the Love of You" and the original songs "Pon de Replay" and "The Last Time".[19][20] OThat same day, Rihanna signed a six-album record deal with Def Jam Recordings, and she later moved to New York to live with Rogers and his wife.[19][21]

2005–06: Music of the Sun and A Girl Like Me

Rihanna performing at the Jingle Ball, 2005

Rihanna spent the next three months collaborating with rapper Memphis Bleek on his fourth studio album 534 and recording her debut album.[22] Her album featured production from Rogers, Sturken, Stargate, and Poke & Tone.[23] Her debut single, "Pon de Replay", was released on August 22, 2005. It charted well worldwide, peaking in the top five in fifteen countries, including at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart.[24] Her debut album, Music of the Sun, was released later that month. It peaked at number ten on the US Billboard 200 and received a Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of over 500,000 units.[25] The album sold over two million copies worldwide. It received mixed reviews. Rolling Stone magazine gave it two and a half out of five stars and described as lacking replay value, ingenuity, and rhythm.[26] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine described the album as a "glut of teen R&B chanteuses" and described her lead single as "a dancehall-pop mixture that owes plenty of its sweat and shimmy to Beyoncé's "Baby Boy".[23] A second single, "If It's Lovin' that You Want", was not as successful as its predecessor, but reached the top ten in Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand.[27] In October 2005, Rihanna struck an endorsement deal—her first of many—with Secret Body Spray.[28]

A month after the release of her debut album, Rihanna began working on her second studio album.[29] Rogers, Sturken, Stargate, J. R. Rotem and label-mate singer-songwriter Ne-Yo worked on the production of the album.[30] A Girl Like Me was released in April 2006.[31] Critical response to the album was mixed; Rolling Stone commented, "Like her filler-packed debut album, this similar but superior follow-up doesn't deliver anything else as ingenious as its lead single."[32] The album was a commercial success, charting in the top ten in thirteen countries. The album reached one in Canada and number five in the UK and the US, where it sold 115,000 copies its first week.[25][33] Its lead single, "SOS", was an international success following its March 2006 release, charting in the top five in eleven countries, including Canada, Germany, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The song reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and in Australia, her first to reach this chart position.[34] "Unfaithful", the album's second single, reached the top ten in eighteen countries, including number one in Canada and Switzerland.[35] "We Ride" and "Break It Off", the latter featuring Sean Paul, were also released as singles.[36][37] Following the release of the album, Rihanna embarked on her first headlining tour, the Rihanna: Live in Concert Tour, performing alongside Jay-Z and Ne-Yo on the Rock Tha Block Tour. She also joined The Pussycat Dolls on their PCD World Tour.

2007–08: Good Girl Gone Bad

Rihanna performing at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre, 2008

For her third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad, Rihanna embraced a new musical direction through uptempo dance tracks produced by Timbaland, will.i.am and Sean Garrett.[38][39] Released in May 2007, the album charted at number two in Australia and the US and topped the charts in multiple countries, including Brazil, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Russia and the UK.[40] The album received the most positive critical reviews of her first three albums.[41] The lead single, "Umbrella", topped the charts in thirteen countries and remained number one in the UK for ten consecutive weeks, the longest-running number one single since Wet Wet Wet's single "Love Is All Around" spent fifteen weeks at the top in 1994.[42][43] It was Rihanna's first single to be named one of the best-selling singles worldwide, with sales of over 6.6 million copies.[44][45] The songs "Shut Up and Drive", "Hate That I Love You" (featuring Ne-Yo), and "Don't Stop The Music" were also released as singles. In support of the album, she began the Good Girl Gone Bad Tour in September 2007, with 80 shows across the US, Canada, and Europe.[46] That same month, Rihanna became the official face of tourism for Barbados and was subsequently featured in many of their advertising campaigns. She holds the honorary title of Ambassador for Culture and Youth in Barbados.[47] Rihanna was nominated for several 2008 Grammy Awards, winning Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Umbrella" alongside Jay-Z.[48]

Throughout 2008, Rihanna performed on the Glow in the Dark Tour alongside Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, and N.E.R.D.[49] On February 20, 2008, Barbadian Prime Minister David Thompson presented the singer with several gifts at a concert event named "Rihanna Day".[50][51] Her third album's reissue, Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded, was released in June 2008 with three new songs: Disturbia, Take a Bow, and the Maroon 5 duet "If I Never See Your Face Again". All three were released as singles and charted highly, reaching peak positions worldwide.[52][53][54] In August 2008, Rihanna and a host of other female singers, including Beyoncé Knowles, Mary J. Blige, and Mariah Carey, recorded the charity single "Just Stand Up!", the theme song to the anti-cancer campaign Stand Up to Cancer.[55] "Live Your Life", a duet featuring T.I. and Rihanna, released that November, peaked in the top ten in thirteen countries worldwide and topped the Billboard Hot 100.

2009–10: Domestic violence case and Rated R

Rihanna in Paris, April 2010

A remix album, Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes, was released in January 2009. Good Girl Gone Bad has sold over 2.8 million units in the United States alone, receiving a two-times-platinum certification from the RIAA. It is Rihanna's best-selling album in the country to date.[25][56] The album has sold over seven million copies worldwide.[57]

On February 8, Rihanna's scheduled performance at the 51st Grammy Awards was cancelled.[58] Reports later surfaced regarding an altercation with then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, who was arrested on suspicion of making criminal threats.[59] On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with assault and making criminal threats.[60] Due to a leaked photograph from the Los Angeles Police Department obtained by TMZ.com—which revealed that Rihanna had sustained visible injuries—an organization known as STOParazzi proposed "Rihanna's Law," which, if enacted, would "deter employees of law enforcement agencies from releasing photos or information that exploits crime victims."[61] Gil Kaufman of VH1 reported the "nonstop coverage of the Rihanna/Brown case has brought up a number of issues regarding the privacy of alleged victims of domestic violence, including the decision by almost all major news outlets to divulge the identity of the victim—which is not typically done in domestic-violence cases" and discussed the controversial distribution of the leaked photograph.[62] Rihanna was subpoenaed to testify during a preliminary hearing in Los Angeles on June 22, 2009.[63] On June 22, 2009, Brown pled guilty to felony assault. Brown received five years probation and was ordered to stay fifty yards (48 meters) away from Rihanna, unless at public events, which then would be reduced to ten yards (nine meters).[64] In February 2011, at the request of Brown's lawyer and with Rihanna's consent, Judge Patricia Schnegg modified with the restraining order to a "level one order," which allows the singers to appear at awards shows together in the future.[65][66]

Rihanna collaborated with Jay-Z and Kanye West on "Run This Town", which peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, number one in the UK, and reached the top ten in ten other countries after its July 2009 release.[67] Her fourth studio album, Rated R, was released in November 2009.[68] Critical response was favorable; Rolling Stone stated that Rihanna "transformed her sound and made one of the best pop records of the year".[69] The album's lead single, "Russian Roulette", was a commercial success, reaching number one in Norway and Switzerland and making the top ten in sixteen other countries.[70] This was followed by the release of "Hard" with Young Jeezy and "Rude Boy". The song was the biggest worldwide success from the album, topping the US Billboard Hot 100 for six weeks and reaching top ten positions in 22 other countries.[71][72] Two other singles were released from Rated R: "Rockstar 101" with Slash and "Te Amo".[73][74] Rated R: Remixed was released in the spring of 2010 and featured ten tracks remixed by Chew Fu.[75] To promote the album, Rihanna embarked on her second worldwide tour, the Last Girl on Earth Tour.[76] At the 52nd Grammy Awards, "Run This Town" won Best Rap Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration.[77]

2010–11: Loud and Talk That Talk

Rihanna in Minneapolis performing on her Loud Tour, July 2011

In summer 2010, Rihanna collaborated with rapper Eminem on "Love the Way You Lie", which was a major worldwide success, reaching number one in over twenty countries.[78] The song was Rihanna's seventh US number one of her career, making her the female artist with the fifth-most number ones in the chart's history.[79] Reaching number two, the song became the biggest-selling song of 2010 in the UK, and the first of Rihanna's singles to sell over one million copies in the country.[80][81] She also lent her vocals to "All of the Lights", a single from Kanye West's album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, alongside John Legend, The-Dream, Elly Jackson, Alicia Keys, Fergie, Kid Cudi, and Elton John.[82] In October 2010, Rihanna switched managers, joining Jay-Z's Roc Nation Management.[83]

Loud, Rihanna's fifth studio album, was released the following month.[84] Its lead single, "Only Girl (In the World)", reached number one in fifteen countries, including Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US.[85][86][87] The album's second single, "What's My Name?", featuring Drake, reached number one the US and UK, making Rihanna the first female solo artist to have five number one singles in the United Kingdom in consecutive years.[88] The song reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 before "Only Girl (In the World)", the first time in the chart's history that an album's lead single reached number one after the second.[89] The third single, "S&M", reached number one in the US after the release of its official remix featuring Britney Spears. It was Rihanna's tenth US number one single on the chart, tying her with Janet Jackson in fourth place for female soloists who have topped the chart. With only four years, eleven months, and two weeks between her first and tenth number one on the chart, Rihanna set a record as the solo artist with the fastest accumulation of ten chart toppers.[90] "Man Down" and "California King Bed" were released as singles in May 2011 with moderate success.[91][92] "Cheers (Drink to That)" was released as the sixth and final single from the album, reaching the top twenty in the UK and the top ten in the US.[93]

In February 2011, "Only Girl (In the World)" won the award for Best Dance Recording at the 53rd Grammy Awards.[94] In June 2011, Rihanna embarked on the Loud Tour, which sold out ten nights at the The O2 Arena in London, the most sold out shows for a female artist in the venue's history.[95][96] The tour was the seventh highest grossing tour worldwide of 2011.[97] The final three shows in London in December 2011 were filmed for Rihanna's second live video album, entitled Loud Tour Live at the O2, which was released on December 18, 2012.[98][99] In October 2011, Nicki Minaj released the collaboration "Fly", featuring Rihanna. The song peaked within the top twenty in the US and UK and was featured on Minaj's album Pink Friday.[100][101]

Rihanna's sixth album, Talk That Talk, was released in November 2011.[102] The lead single, "We Found Love", topped charts in 25 countries worldwide, peaking in the top ten in thirty countries and breaking records worldwide.[103] It topped the Billboard Hot 100 for ten non-consecutive weeks and became Rihanna's longest-running number-one single and the longest-running number-one single of 2011.[104][105] "You Da One", released as the second single, and was a moderate success, reaching the top twenty in the UK and US.[106][107] The third single was "Talk That Talk", featuring Jay-Z, followed by the simultaneous release of collaborations between Rihanna and Chris Brown: remixes of her song "Birthday Cake" and his "Turn Up the Music". The recordings received mainly negative responses due to the pair's history of domestic violence.[108] "Where Have You Been", the fifth single, successfully charted worldwide, reaching number five in the US and six in the UK.[109][110] "Cockiness (Love It)" was released as the album's sixth single in a remixed form featuring rapper ASAP Rocky.[111]

2012–present: Unapologetic

Rihanna performing on her Diamonds World Tour in Canada, March 2013

In early 2012, two collaborations featuring Rihanna were released: Coldplay's "Princess of China" from the album Mylo Xyloto and Drake's "Take Care" from his album of the same name.[112][113] In February 2012, Rihanna won her third Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 2012 Grammy Awards, and was voted the Best International Female Solo Artist at the 2012 BRIT Awards for the second consecutive year.[114][115] In September 2012, "We Found Love" won the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year. Rihanna is the first woman to be given the accolade more than once.[116]

Rihanna's seventh studio album, Unapologetic, was released on November 19, 2012.[117] In the United States, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with sales of 238,000, and was Rihanna's first number one album in the country. In addition, it was the best-selling debut week of her career, besting her fifth studio album Loud (2010).[118] The album was Rihanna's third consecutive number one album in the United Kingdom and fifth in Switzerland.[119][120] The lead single from the album, "Diamonds", was released in September 2012. It reached number one in more than 20 countries worldwide, including on the US Billboard Hot 100.[121] The album's second single, "Stay", featuring Mikky Ekko, reached the top five in over 20 countries, including number three on the Billboard Hot 100.[122] "Pour It Up" was released as the second US single and third overall, reaching number 19 on the Hot 100. An official remix featuring American rappers Young Jeezy, Rick Ross, Juicy J, and T.I. was later distributed.[123] "Right Now" featuring David Guetta serves as the fourth official single from the album. As promotion prior to the album's release, Rihanna embarked on the 777 Tour, a mini tour of seven shows in seven countries in seven days.[124] A documentary DVD of the tour was later released. Rihanna's fifth headlining concert tour, the "Diamonds World Tour", began in March 2013.[125]

In a January 2013 interview with Rolling Stone, Rihanna confirmed that she had rekindled her relationship with Chris Brown,[126] though he remained under probation for the 2009 domestic violence incident.[127] The confirmation followed persistent media speculation throughout 2012 regarding the pair's reunion.[128][129] In a May 2013 interview, Brown stated that he and Rihanna had broken up again.[130] In February 2013 at the 55th Grammy Awards, Rihanna won her sixth Grammy Award, in the category Best Short Form Music Video for "We Found Love" (2011).[131] Also that month, the Official Charts Company announced that Rihanna had sold 3,868,000 records in the past year in the UK alone, ranking at number one in the list of 2013 BRIT Awards artist nominees.[119]

Other ventures

Rihanna has ventured into other businesses and industries. In 2006, she created her Believe Foundation to help terminally ill children.[132][133] Rihanna made her acting debut in a cameo role in the straight-to-DVD film Bring It On: All or Nothing, released in August 2006.[134] To help raise awareness and combat HIV/AIDS, Rihanna and other public figures designed clothing for the February 2008 H&M Fashion Against AIDS line.[135][136] In October 2010, the singer released an eponymous book.[137] Rihanna's first fragrance, "Reb'l Fleur", was released on January 2011.[138] The singer's first fashion range, for Armani, became available in November 2011.[139] Rihanna starred as Petty Officer (GM2) Cora Raikes in her first theatrical feature film Battleship, which was released on May 18, 2012.[140] Loosely based on the game of the same name, the film and Rihanna's performance both received mixed-to-negative reviews; The New York Times said she was "just fine in the rather generic role".[141] She received a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress[142] and, on a more positive note, a Teen Choice Award.[143] She appeared in Katy Perry: Part of Me, a 3D documentary-concert film about singer Katy Perry.

Rihanna's second fragrance, "Rebelle", was released in February 2012.[144] Her first television program, Styled to Rock, premiered in the UK in August 2012 on Sky Living. In the ten-week series, Rihanna, Nicola Roberts, Lysa Cooper, and Henry Holland assist up-and-coming British designers with their clothing lines.[145] On August 19, 2012, Rihanna appeared in the first episode of the second season of Oprah Winfrey's American prime time television show Oprah's Next Chapter.[146] The episode scored the second-highest ratings in the history of the Oprah Winfrey Network.[147] In November 2012, Rihanna released her third fragrance, "Nude".[148] In February 2013, Rihanna presented her first women's fashion collection at London Fashion Week for British street fashion brand River Island, collaborating with her personal stylist Adam Selman.[149] Her second collection for the brand, a summer edition, will be released on May 25, 2013.[150] In the same month, the singer released her own line of lipstick products entitled 'RiRi Woo' in collaboration with MAC Cosmetics. The collection sold out completely in three hours.[151] She will appear in the Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg comedy film This Is the End, set for release in June 2013.[152] Rihanna's first men's fragrance entitled "Rogue" will be released on September 14, 2013,[153] with a women's version also being distributed.[154]

Artistry

Music and voice

"Pon de Replay" (2005)
 
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"Pon de Replay" is infused with a reggae style using a mixture of dance-pop and R&B. Lyrically, the song is about Rihanna asking the DJ to play her favorite song repeatedly.
"Umbrella" (2007)
 
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"Umbrella" is a pop and R&B song with lyrics about a romantic and platonic relationship.
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Rihanna has a contralto vocal range.[155][156] While recoding tracks for her third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad, Rihanna took vocal lessons from Ne-Yo. "I've never had vocal training, so when I'm in the studio, he'll tell me how to breathe and stuff.," she said. "He'll call out these big fancy words: 'OK, I want you to do staccato.' And I'm like, 'OK, I don't know what that is.'"[39] Her vocal performance on Loud (2010) received positive reviews from music critics. James Skinner from BBC praised Rihanna's vocals on the song "Love the Way You Lie (Part II)". He commented that her voice is powerful and that "it is Rihanna’s vocal – at once commanding, soulful and vulnerable – that anchors the song, and Loud itself", Andy Gill from The Independent feels that "California King Bed" features her best vocal performance.[157][158] At the time of her debut, reviewers referred to her as a "bubblegum queen"[159] and her music to "teen pop."[160] Originally marketed as a reggae singer, Rihanna's musical genre has changed throughout her career to include pop, R&B, hip hop, dance-pop, and dancehall.[161] Over her career, she has branched out into house music with tracks like "We Found Love", "Only Girl (In the World)" and "Complicated."[162] Volume 65 of the Contemporary Black Biography book series notes that "Rihanna is the rare rhythm and blues diva to emerge from the Caribbean world."[163] Rihanna is known for blending R&B with Caribbean music such as reggae and dancehall.[164] Some of her music is inspired through sampling: "SOS",[165] "Shut Up and Drive", "Don't Stop the Music", "Cheers (Drink to That)", and "Talk That Talk" all contain samples from other artists.[166]

Rihanna performing on her Last Girl on Earth Tour in March 2011

Rihanna began her musical career recording songs that were inspired by caribbean music genres such as soca, dancehall, and reggae as well as corporating dance-pop and R&B, because of her Caribbean descent.[167] The combination of dancehall and reggae genres on her debut album, Music of the Sun (2005), was complemented by Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times, who said, "Dancehall reggae sometimes seems like a furiously insular form of music, but ... Rihanna is only the latest singer to discover how versatile the genre's spring-loaded electronic rhythms can be".[168] Her debut album featured production from Stargate and production duo Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers, who discovered her and helped launch her career with her debut single "Pon de Replay".[39] A Girl Like Me (2006) saw Rihanna infuse a bit of rock music on the track "Kisses Don't Lie",[169] a sound she would also use on tracks like "Shut Up and Drive" and "Rockstar 101". The album included pop and R&B. Rihanna worked again with Sturken and Rogers, J.R. Rotem, and label-mate Ne-Yo.[165][170] The ballads on the album were described as elegant and mature, showing artistic growth.[171]

With Good Girl Gone Bad (2007), she took a different direction from the dancehall influence of her previous efforts with uptempo songs.[172] "[At] this stage I feel like I want to do a lot of uptempo [songs] ... but still be soulful at the same time", she said.[39] She worked with new producers on the album, including Timbaland, Sean Garrett, and Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, who produced the international hit "Umbrella", a major breakthrough.[173] Rihanna again entered a new musical and lyrical direction with Rated R, departing from her previous up-tempo and dance-pop style with elements of hip hop, rock, dubstep, and dancehall.[174] Recorded after the assault by her then-boyfriend, Chris Brown, the album had a much darker tone and was filled with various emotions she experienced throughout 2009.[174] She continued to reinvent her music and sound with Loud (2010). She wanted to have more fun with her music and image while experimenting with new material. "With Loud, I got a bit more rebellious and did whatever I wanted to do. I reinvented my image and took creative control", she said.[175] Unlike Rated R, Loud reflects the sassy, fun, flirty, and energetic attitude she had while recording the album.[176] The album is a mixture of ballads, party anthems, and empowering love songs with elements of up-tempo and pop genres, ranging from dance-pop to R&B.[177] Described as "a sexy, sexual record", Talk That Talk (2011) was similar to Rated R, as both contain hip hop, R&B, dancehall, and dubstep genres.[178] Loud and Talk That Talk also saw her return to her dancehall roots, evident in the tracks like "Man Down" and "Watch n' Learn".[179]

Influences

 
Madonna (left) and Bob Marley (right) are two of Rihanna's biggest influences.

Rihanna has named Madonna as her idol and biggest influence. She said she wants to be the "black Madonna".[175][180] "I think that Madonna was a great inspiration for me, especially on my earlier work. If I had to examine her evolution through time, I think she reinvented her clothing style and music with success every single time. And at the same time remained a real force in entertainment in the whole world."[175] She also cites Whitney Houston as a major influence and idol.[181] Rihanna performed Mariah Carey's "Hero" at a school talent show, and names her as another strong influence.[182] Of Janet Jackson, Rihanna has commented that "[s]he was one of the first female pop icons that I could relate to ... You have to love Janet."[183] Beyoncé Knowles has been named as a major influence.[184][185] Rihanna was inspired to start her career after watching Knowles on television with Destiny's Child.[186] Rihanna commented that Marilyn Monroe and vintage clothing served as visual inspiration for the music video "Hate That I Love You" and "Rehab". The "dark, creepy" scenes of "Disturbia" have been compared to Michael Jackson's Thriller.[187][188] Other musical influences include Alicia Keys,[189] Fefe Dobson,[190][191] Celine Dion,[192] Brandy,[193] and Gwen Stefani.[194] Jon Bream of the Star Tribune commented "[i]n the tradition of Madonna and Janet Jackson, Rihanna has become the video vixen of the '00s ... Rihanna has perfected the pout, the long-legged strut and trend-setting hairdos that keep women and men alike checking her out on YouTube."[187] George Epaminondas of InStyle considers Rihanna's music videos to be "cinematic" due to her "blend of lush island rhythms and swinging pop and ... mischievous sensuality."[195]

Rihanna's music contains strong influences of Caribbean music, including reggae and dancehall.[196] The video for "Rude Boy" was inspired by her Caribbean roots.[196] She stated that while growing up in Barbados she listened to reggae music, and when she came to the United States she was exposed to many different types of music.[197] Rihanna is heavily influenced by the Jamaican singer-songwriter Bob Marley. She stated, "[h]e's one of my favorite artists of all time [...] he really paved the way for every other artist out of the Caribbean".[198] She built a shrine in her Los Angeles home dedicated to Marley.[199] Rihanna has covered Marley's "Is This Love" and Bob Marley & The Wailers' "Redemption Song".[200]

Videos and stage

Rihanna performing "Hard" on her Last Girl on Earth Tour

Rihanna has worked with music video director Anthony Mandler on more than a dozen music videos, the first being "Unfaithful" (2006).[201] "We've done 16 videos together; they're not all tough, [...] Yeah, I mean, I'm known for the 'Disturbia's and the 'Russian Roulette's and things like that, but 'Only Girl (In the World)' is certainly an ethereal kind of empowering, beauty-filled video," Mandler said.[201] Jocelyn Vena of MTV wrote, "Rihanna, like Madonna, also has a tendency to make truly thought-provoking music videos that fit the songs they represent. Smattered in between glitzier, more glamorous clips, Madge and Ri want us to think about bigger issues".[162] "Unfaithful", "Love The Way You Lie", "Man Down", and "We Found Love" were shot as short films exploring issues such as love triangles, abuse, and substance abuse romance.[162] Her music video for "Umbrella" shows Rihanna's transition into adulthood and her newly adopted image.[202] Tamar Anitai from MTV Buzzworthy listed "Disturbia" at number five on the "Buzzworthy's Top 5 Most Paranoid Music Videos". He said that "Paranoia never looked so supernaturally sexy!".[203] The video for "Russian Roulette" features Rihanna in a padded room playing a game of russian roulette with her partner. A scene of Rihanna being approached by a speeding car at night was compared to the altercation with Chris Brown.[204] The Caribbean-inspired music video for "Rude Boy" was compared to rapper M.I.A.'s video "Boyz" by many critics for its colorful aesthetic similarities.[196]

In 2011, Rihanna released three controversial music videos about sadomasochism, rape, and domestic violence. The video for "S&M" was banned in eleven countries for its sexual content.[205] "Man Down", which features Rihanna shooting a man in a train station, was criticized by the Parents Television Council.[206] "We Found Love", which shows Rihanna and her love interest in a drug-filled unhealthy relationship,[204] sparked criticism from the Rape Crisis Centre for its inappropriate message.[207] Charne Graham of the Houston Press stated, "Why should Rihanna's music videos get everyone riled up when others' equally sexual and controversial videos are in rotation?" He added, "she just like to make music videos that give us something to talk about".[208] Rihanna is the first woman to pass two billion cumulative views on the music video website VEVO.[209]

Denis Armstrong of Canadian Online Explorer commented on her performance at the Ottawa Bluesfest, saying "her show was a Disney-esque choreographed fantasy of non-stop hip-swiveling, sassy attitude and personal endearments and a string of funky, sugar-free hits."[159] Her performance of "Disturbia" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards was ranked tenth best on the MTV Video Music Awards, according to a Billboard poll.[210] Her revealing leather costumes during her Good Girl Gone Bad Tour were highly criticized by Malaysia's conservative Islamic party, who recommended that her concert tour should be banned.[211] Whilst commenting on her third album's accompanying tour, The Times compared Rihanna's stage wardrobe styling to that of Janet Jackson and called her "a vision of Ann Summers couture in thigh-high boots and a few scraps of black PVC."[212] In the October 2011 issue of British Vogue, Rihanna said her performance outfits and appearances are all an act; "[t]hat’s not me. That’s a part I play. You know, like it’s a piece of art, with all these toys and textures to play with".[213]

Public image

In 2009, New York magazine described Rihanna's early look as that of a cookie-cutter teen queen, noting she has the ability to shift looks dramatically and with great ease.[214] Around the time of the release of her second studio album, A Girl Like Me (2006), many critics felt that Rihanna's style, sound, and musical material were too similar to those of Beyoncé.[215] Negative reviews appeared in which her music,[216] music videos, performances[217] and her image were unfavorably compared to those of Beyoncé.[218][219] Some media even claimed that Jay-Z fashioned her to be a replica of Beyoncé.[220] Rihanna went told Look magazine that "Beyoncé is a great artist and I feel honored to be mentioned in the same sentence, but we're different performers with different styles".[221] Her third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad (2007), served as an introduction to her new image,[222] with her hair chopped into a bob cut inspired by Charlize Theron's hair in Æon Flux (2005).[223] Larry Meyler of The Sun stated that "Rihanna going bad is very good" and that she had "[shaken] off any 'teen pop' image."[160]

Rihanna is known for reinventing her style and image with every album, changing her personal appearance with several different hairstyles.[224][225] She said she likes to takes risks with fashion and looks "for the most interesting silhouette or something that's a little off."[226] Country singer Miranda Lambert admires Rihanna's fashion and style. "I don’t necessarily get inspired by the whole no-bra thing, but I love that you never know what she’s going to wear. It always keeps you guessing, which makes her sassy and interesting."[227] Jess Cartner-Morley of The Guardian wrote that "Rihanna's wardrobe is the most talked-about, influential and dissected in pop right now" and that whatever she wears "is immediately reproduced on the high street, because it sells".[228] Her appearance has landed her on Maxim's Hot 100 list and on FHM's "100 Sexiest Women in the World" the last seven years, with her highest position being at number six on Maxim and at number two on FHM.[229][230] In June 2007, Gillette named her the Venus Breeze's Celebrity Legs of a Goddess.[231] People magazine recognized her as one of the 10 Best Dressed Stars of 2008 and Glamour magazine ranked her at number 17 on the 50 Most Glamorous Women of 2009.[232][233] In October 2011, Esquire declared Rihanna as the Sexiest Woman Alive for 2011.[234] Commenting on the cultural expectation for pop stars to be role models, she said "[being a role model] became more of my job than I wanted it to be. But no, I just want to make music. That's it".[213] In a May 2013 interview with MTV, The Vagina Monologues writer and feminist Eve Ensler praised the singer, saying, "I'm a huge Rihanna fan, I think she has a kind of agency over her sexuality and she's open about her sexuality, she has enormous grace and she's immensely talented." She added, "I think what she's an example of is if you look at the fully realised Rihanna and her full, beautiful sexual self and you see how often we've been told not to be that: to shut it down, to mute it, to pull it back, to hide it, to cover it up, to tone it down, not to be so, you know."[235]

She has a collection of small tattoos: a music note on her ankle, a pisces sign behind her right ear, a Sanskrit prayer on her hip, a star in her left ear, the word "Love" on her left middle finger, the phrase "Freedom in Messiah" in Arabic on her ribcage, a trail of stars going down the back of her neck, a skull with a pink hair bow on the back of her foot, the word "Shhh..." on her right index finger, the date 4.11.1986 in roman numerals on top of her left shoulder, a henna-style dragon claw on her hand, a handgun on her ribcage, the motto "never a failure, always a lesson" near her right shoulder, a rebelle fleur on her neck, the words "Thug Life" on her knuckles, a small cross on her collar bone, an Egyptian falcon shaped like a gun on her right foot, and a goddess isis above her stomach.[236]

Legacy

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Rihanna
Rihanna performing during her Loud Tour in Florida.

Rihanna has earned numerous awards and honors throughout her career. She has sold over 150 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.[5] Her collaboration with Eminem, "Love the Way You Lie", together with "Umbrella", "Disturbia", "Only Girl (In the World)", "We Found Love", and "Diamonds", are some of the best-selling singles of all time worldwide. Rihanna has sold over 9.8 million albums in the United States,[56] while Nielsen SoundScan ranked her as the best-selling digital artist in the country, breaking a Guinness World Record for digital single sales of over 58 million as of 2012.[237][238][239] Since the beginning of her career in 2005, Rihanna has accumulated twelve number one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. With this, she ties Madonna and The Supremes for fourth place, and is only the seventh artist to achieve this feat in the 54-year history of the chart.[240] Rihanna has tallied eleven number ones on the US Radio Songs chart; this ties her with Mariah Carey for the most chart leaders since its inception in 1990.[241] She has been named the top Pop Songs chart artist of the past twenty years by Billboard.[242] She ranks first with most appearances (35), most top tens (23), and most number ones (10).[243] Rihanna has sold over 14 million singles and six million albums in the United Kingdom as of June 2012.[244] She was named the tenth best-selling singles artist of all time.[245] In the UK she is the second best-selling female singles artist, behind Madonna.[246] She has three singles that have sold over one million copies in the country: "Love the Way You Lie", "Only Girl (In the World)", and "We Found Love".[244]

Rihanna has won seven Grammy Awards,[247] including Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Umbrella",[248] Best Dance Recording for "Only Girl (In the World)",[94] and Best Short Form Music Video for "We Found Love".[247] She is the only female multiple winner of the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year with her wins for "Umbrella" at the 2007 and "We Found Love" at the 2012 award ceremonies.[249] Her albums Loud and Talk That Talk won the American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Album in 2011 and 2012 respectively.[250][251] Rihanna won two consecutive Brit Awards for Best International Female Artist at the 2011 and 2012 ceremonies.[252]

In April 2012, the singer was placed at number twenty on Time magazine's list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.[253] The following month, Forbes ranked Rihanna fourth on their Celebrity 100 list, naming her one the world's most powerful celebrities, with earnings of $53 million between May 2011 and May 2012.[254] Huffington Post Canada placed her at number one on the "Pop Power Rankings" in November 2012.[255] Rihanna has made an impact on the social media, placing atop Forbes' list of Social Networking Superstars.[256] She is the most popular person on the social network Facebook,[257] has the fourth most followers on Twitter, and is the most-viewed artist on YouTube.[258] Rihanna is the first artist to have twelve videos pass the 100 million views milestone on YouTube, thus achieving as many VEVO certified awards. This feat makes the singer the artist with the most honors.[259] On March 7, 2013, Spotify announced that Rihanna is the most streamed artist worldwide.[260] She was named the most influential pop star in the UK following data analysis of social media activity, airplay, and press coverage.[261] Rihanna has seven wax figures of herself at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums in Berlin,[262] Hollywood,[263] Las Vegas,[263] London,[263][264] Sydney,[263] Vienna and Washington D.C..[263][265]

Rihanna has directly influenced artists such as Justin Bieber,[266] Ellie Goulding,[267] Kesha,[268] Demi Lovato,[269] and Willow Smith.[270] British singer Rita Ora said, "I admire Rihanna. That work ethic and discipline is hardcore."[271] Chris Martin, lead singer of Coldplay, has stated that he believes Rihanna is "the best singer in the world,"[272] and praised her "amazing voice."[273] Mary J Blige said, "I am so proud of what Rihanna is doing. She is speaking to her generation."[274] Speaking of their collaboration on "Love the Way You Lie", Eminem applauded Rihanna's contribution and said he felt that "only she could pull it off."[275] Cheryl Cole said she admires the singer and further commented: "I love that sense of freedom about her. She’s gorgeous and free. A perfect pop star."[276] Selena Gomez said of the singer: "I think she’s very strong and classy. I look up to that. She carries herself very well."[277] In 2013, English singer-songwriter Dido expressed her love and admiration for Rihanna.[278] In April 2013, British-Irish boy band The Wanted announced the release of their single "Walks like Rihanna", inspired by the singer's attitude.[279]

Discography

Main articles: Rihanna discography and List of songs recorded by Rihanna

Filmography

Main article: Rihanna videography

Tours

Main article: List of Rihanna concert tours

See also

Book icon
Portal icon Rihanna portal
 

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  • Nel quadro di una totale trasparenza e cortesia verso l'utente, l'abbonamento NON si rinnova automaticamente. Per riabbonarsi l'utente dovrà di nuovo effettuare la procedura che ha dovuto compiere la prima volta che si è abbonato.
  • Le risorse costituite da codici di embed di YouTube e di altri siti che incoraggiano lo sharing delle loro risorse (video, libri, audio, immagini, foto ecc.) sono ovviamente di proprietà dei rispettivi siti. L'utente riconosce e accetta che 1) il sito di sharing che ce ne consente l'uso può in ogni momento revocare la disponibilità della risorsa 2) l'eventuale pubblicità che figura all'interno delle risorse non è inserita da noi ma dal sito di sharing 3) eventuali violazioni di copyright sono esclusiva responsabilità del sito di sharing mentre è ovviamente nostra cura scegliere risorse solo da siti di sharing che pratichino una politica rigorosa di controllo e interdizione delle violazioni di copyright.
  • Nel caso l'utente riscontri nel sito una qualsiasi violazione di copyright, è pregato di segnalarcelo immediatamente per consentirci interventi di verifica ed eventuale rimozione del contenuto in questione. I contenuti rimossi saranno, nel limite del possibile, sostituiti con altri contenuti analoghi che non violano il copyright.
  • I servizi linguistici da noi forniti sulle pagine del sito ma erogati da aziende esterne (per esempio, la traduzione interattiva di Google Translate e Bing Translate realizzata rispettivamente da Google e da Microsoft, la vocalizzazione Text To Speech dei testi inglesi fornita da ReadSpeaker, il vocabolario inglese-italiano offerto da Babylon con la sua Babylon Box, il servizio di commenti sociali DISQUS e altri) sono ovviamente responsabilità di queste aziende esterne. Trattandosi di servizi interattivi basati su web, possono esserci delle interruzioni di servizio in relazione ad eventi di manutenzione o di sovraccarico dei server su cui non abbiamo alcun modo di influire. Per esperienza, comunque, tali interruzioni sono rare e di brevissima durata, saremo comunque grati ai nostri utenti che ce le vorranno segnalare.
  • Per quanto riguarda i servizi di traduzione automatica l'utente prende atto che sono forniti "as is" dall'azienda esterna che ce li eroga (Google o Microsoft). Nonostante le ovvie limitazioni, sono strumenti in continuo perfezionamento e sono spesso in grado di fornire all'utente, anche professionale, degli ottimi suggerimenti e spunti per una migliore traduzione.
  • In merito all'utilizzabilità del sito ELINGUE su tablet e cellulari a standard iOs, Android, Windows Phone e Blackberry facciamo notare che l'assenza di standard comuni si ripercuote a volte sulla fruibilità di certe prestazioni tipiche del nostro sito (come il servizio ReadSpeaker e la traduzione automatica con Google Translate). Mentre da parte nostra è costante lo sforzo di rendere sempre più compatibili il nostro sito con il maggior numero di piattaforme mobili, non possiamo però assicurare il pieno raggiungimento di questo obiettivo in quanto non dipende solo da noi. Chi desidera abbonarsi è dunque pregato di verificare prima di perfezionare l'abbonamento la compatibilità del nostro sito con i suoi dispositivi informatici, mobili e non, utilizzando le pagine di esempio che riproducono una pagina tipo per ogni tipologia di risorsa presente sul nostro sito. Non saranno quindi accettati reclami da parte di utenti che, non avendo effettuato queste prove, si trovino poi a non avere un servizio corrispondente a quello sperato. In tutti i casi, facciamo presente che utilizzando browser come Chrome e Safari su pc non mobili (desktop o laptop tradizionali) si ha la massima compatibilità e che il tempo gioca a nostro favore in quanto mano a mano tutti i grandi produttori di browser e di piattaforme mobili stanno convergendo, ognuno alla propria velocità, verso standard comuni.
  • Il sito ELINGUE, diversamente da English Gratis che vive anche di pubblicità, persegue l'obiettivo di limitare o non avere affatto pubblicità sulle proprie pagine in modo da garantire a chi studia l'assenza di distrazioni. Le uniche eccezioni sono 1) la promozione di alcuni prodotti linguistici realizzati e/o garantiti da noi 2) le pubblicità incorporate dai siti di sharing direttamente nelle risorse embeddate che non siamo in grado di escludere 3) le pubblicità eventualmente presenti nei box e player che servono ad erogare i servizi linguistici interattivi prima citati (Google, Microsoft, ReadSpeaker, Babylon ecc.).
  • Per quanto riguarda le problematiche della privacy, non effettuiamo alcun tracciamento dell'attività dell'utente sul nostro sito neppure a fini statistici. Tuttavia non possiamo escludere che le aziende esterne che ci offrono i loro servizi o le loro risorse in modalità sharing effettuino delle operazioni volte a tracciare le attività dell'utente sul nostro sito. Consigliamo quindi all'utente di utilizzare browser che consentano la disattivazione in blocco dei tracciamenti o l'inserimento di apposite estensioni di browser come Ghostery che consentono all'utente di bloccare direttamente sui browser ogni agente di tracciamento.
  • Le risposte agli utenti nella sezione di commenti sociali DISQUS sono fornite all'interno di precisi limiti di accettabilità dei quesiti posti dall'utente. Questi limiti hanno lo scopo di evitare che il servizio possa essere "abusato" attraverso la raccolta e sottoposizione alla redazione di ELINGUE di centinaia o migliaia di quesiti che intaserebbero il lavoro della redazione. Si prega pertanto l'utente di leggere attentamente e comprendere le seguenti limitazioni d'uso del servizio:
    - il servizio è moderato per garantire che non vengano pubblicati contenuti fuori tema o inadatti all'ambiente di studio online
    - la redazione di ELINGUE si riserva il diritto di editare gli interventi degli utenti per correzioni ortografiche e per chiarezza
    - il servizio è erogato solo agli utenti abbonati registrati gratuitamente al servizio di commenti sociali DISQUS
    - l'utente non può formulare più di un quesito al giorno
    - un quesito non può contenere, salvo eccezioni, più di una domanda
    - un utente non può assumere più nomi, identità o account di Disqus per superare i limiti suddetti
    - nell'ambito del servizio non sono forniti servizi di traduzione
    - la redazione di ELINGUE gestisce la priorità delle risposte in modo insindacabile da parte dell'utente
    - in tutti i casi, la redazione di ELINGUE è libera in qualsiasi momento di de-registrare temporaneamente l'utente abbonato dal
      servizio DISQUS qualora sussistano fondati motivi a suo insindacabile giudizio. La misura verrà comunque attuata solo in casi di
      eccezionale gravità.
  • L'utente, inoltre, accetta di tenere Casiraghi Jones Publishing SRL indenne da qualsiasi tipo di responsabilità per l'uso - ed eventuali conseguenze di esso - delle informazioni linguistiche e grammaticali contenute sul sito, in particolare, nella sezione Disqus. Le nostre risposte grammaticali sono infatti improntate ad un criterio di praticità e pragmaticità che a volte è in conflitto con la rigidità delle regole "ufficiali" che tendono a proporre un inglese schematico e semplificato dimenticando la ricchezza e variabilità della lingua reale. Anche l'occasionale difformità tra le soluzioni degli esercizi e le regole grammaticali fornite nella grammatica va concepita come stimolo a formulare domande alla redazione onde poter spiegare più nei dettagli le particolarità della lingua inglese che non possono essere racchiuse in un'opera grammaticale di carattere meramente introduttivo come la nostra grammatica online.

    ELINGUE è un sito di Casiraghi Jones Publishing SRL
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