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LA GRAMMATICA DI ENGLISH GRATIS IN VERSIONE MOBILE   INFORMATIVA PRIVACY

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                                                                                         ESERCIZI :   Serie 1 - 2 - 3  - 4 - 5  SERVIZI:   Pronunciatore di inglese - Dizionario - Convertitore IPA/UK - IPA/US - Convertitore di valute in lire ed euro                                              

 

 

WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
?????????

ART
- Great Painters
BUSINESS&LAW
- Accounting
- Fundamentals of Law
- Marketing
- Shorthand
CARS
- Concept Cars
GAMES&SPORT
- Videogames
- The World of Sports

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
- Blogs
- Free Software
- Google
- My Computer

- PHP Language and Applications
- Wikipedia
- Windows Vista

EDUCATION
- Education
LITERATURE
- Masterpieces of English Literature
LINGUISTICS
- American English

- English Dictionaries
- The English Language

MEDICINE
- Medical Emergencies
- The Theory of Memory
MUSIC&DANCE
- The Beatles
- Dances
- Microphones
- Musical Notation
- Music Instruments
SCIENCE
- Batteries
- Nanotechnology
LIFESTYLE
- Cosmetics
- Diets
- Vegetarianism and Veganism
TRADITIONS
- Christmas Traditions
NATURE
- Animals

- Fruits And Vegetables



ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Academic Free License
  2. Adaptive Public License
  3. Advogato
  4. Affero General Public License
  5. Africa Source
  6. AKademy
  7. Alternative terms for free software
  8. Anti-copyright notice
  9. Apache License
  10. Apache Software Foundation
  11. APESOL
  12. Apple Public Source License
  13. Artistic License
  14. Association For Free Software
  15. August Penguin
  16. Benetech
  17. Benevolent Dictator for Life
  18. BerliOS
  19. Binary blob
  20. BK02
  21. Blender Foundation
  22. Bruce Perens' Open Source Series
  23. BSD licenses
  24. CeCILL
  25. CE Linux Forum
  26. Clarkson Open Source Institute
  27. Code Breakers
  28. CodePlex
  29. Collaborative software development model
  30. Collaborative Source license
  31. Common Development and Distribution License
  32. Common Public License
  33. Comparison of free software hosting facilities
  34. CONSOL
  35. Copycenter
  36. Copyleft
  37. Creative Commons licenses
  38. Debconf
  39. Debian Free Software Guidelines
  40. Debian Manifesto
  41. Desktop Developers' Conference
  42. Eclipse Foundation
  43. Eclipse Public License
  44. Enterprise open source journal
  45. European Union Public Licence
  46. Everybody Loves Eric Raymond
  47. Forum Internacional Software Livre
  48. Fedora Project
  49. FOSDEM
  50. FOSS.IN
  51. Fossap
  52. Frameworx License
  53. Free content
  54. Free Culture movement
  55. Freedesktop.org
  56. Freely redistributable software
  57. Freepository
  58. Free software
  59. Free Software Award for Projects of Social Benefit
  60. Free software community
  61. Free Software Directory
  62. Free Software Foundation
  63. Free Software Foundation Europe
  64. Free Software Foundation Latin America
  65. Free Software Foundation of India
  66. Free Software Initiative of Japan
  67. Free software license
  68. Free Software Magazine
  69. Free software movement
  70. Free Software Song
  71. Free Standards Group
  72. FSF Award for the Advancement of Free Software
  73. GCC Summit
  74. Gna.org
  75. GNAT Modified General Public License
  76. Gnits Standards
  77. GnomeFiles
  78. GNOME Foundation
  79. GNU Coding Standards
  80. GNU Free Documentation License
  81. GNU General Public License
  82. GNU Lesser General Public License
  83. GNU Manifesto
  84. GNU Savannah
  85. GNU Simpler Free Documentation License
  86. Google Code
  87. Google Summer of Code
  88. Go Open Source
  89. GRASS GIS
  90. Gratis versus Libre
  91. Groklaw
  92. GUADEC
  93. Halloween documents
  94. Hamakor
  95. Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer
  96. Homesteading the Noosphere
  97. Hurd User Group
  98. IBM Public License
  99. IBM Type-III Library
  100. Intel Open Source License
  101. International Open Source Network
  102. Irish Free Software Organisation
  103. ISC licence
  104. Jargon File
  105. Jimbo Wales
  106. KDE Dot News
  107. KernelTrap
  108. LAMP
  109. LaTeX Project Public License
  110. League for Programming Freedom
  111. Leonard H. Tower Jr.
  112. libpng
  113. Libre Software Meeting
  114. Linus's Law
  115. Linus Torvalds
  116. Linux.conf.au
  117. Linux conference
  118. Linux Expo
  119. Linux Gazette
  120. Linux International
  121. Linux Journal
  122. Linux Kongress
  123. Linux naming controversy
  124. LinuxQuestions.org
  125. LinuxTag
  126. Linux User Group
  127. LinuxWorld Conference and Expo
  128. List of software that uses the MIT License
  129. LiveJournal
  130. Lucent Public License
  131. LXer
  132. MIT License
  133. MozBin
  134. Mozdev.org
  135. Mozilla Add-ons
  136. Mozilla Foundation
  137. Mozilla Public License
  138. MozillaZine
  139. MyOSS
  140. NetHack General Public License
  141. Netscape Public License
  142. NewsForge
  143. New Zealand Open Source Society
  144. NonProfit Open Source Initiative
  145. Non-proprietary software
  146. Nupedia Open Content License
  147. ObjectWeb
  148. Ohio LinuxFest
  149. Ohloh
  150. O3 Magazine
  151. Open Audio License
  152. OpenCola
  153. Open content
  154. Open design
  155. OpenDocument Format Alliance
  156. OpenLP
  157. Open outsourcing
  158. Open Security Foundation
  159. Open Software License
  160. Open-source advocacy
  161. Open Source Applications Foundation
  162. Open-source culture
  163. Open Source Definition
  164. Open Source Developers' Conference
  165. Open-source evangelist
  166. Open source funding
  167. Open Source Geospatial Foundation
  168. Open Source Initiative
  169. Open source movement
  170. Open source movie
  171. Open-source software
  172. Open source software development
  173. Open source software development method
  174. Open Source Software Institute
  175. Open source teaching
  176. Open source vs. closed source
  177. Open-sourcing
  178. O'Reilly Open Source Convention
  179. Organisation for Free Software in Education and Teaching
  180. OSDL
  181. Ottawa Linux Symposium
  182. Patent Commons
  183. PHP License
  184. Pionia
  185. Pionia Organization
  186. Proprietary software
  187. Protecting the Virtual Commons
  188. Public Documentation License
  189. Public-domain equivalent license
  190. Python License
  191. Python Software Foundation License
  192. Q Public License
  193. RealNetworks Public Source License
  194. Reciprocal Public License
  195. Red Hat
  196. Revolution OS
  197. Richard Stallman
  198. RubyForge
  199. Sarovar
  200. Savane
  201. SIL Open Font License
  202. Simputer General Public License
  203. SIPfoundry
  204. Slashdot
  205. Sleepycat License
  206. Software Freedom Day
  207. Software Freedom Law Center
  208. Software in the Public Interest
  209. SourceForge
  210. Spread Firefox
  211. Sun Industry Standards Source License
  212. Sun Public License
  213. Sybase Open Watcom Public License
  214. Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate
  215. Tectonic Magazine
  216. The Cathedral and the Bazaar
  217. The Freedom Toaster
  218. The Free Software Definition
  219. The Perl Foundation
  220. The Right to Read
  221. The Summit Open Source Development Group
  222. Tigris.org
  223. Tivoization
  224. Tux
  225. Tux Magazine
  226. Ubuntu Foundation
  227. Use of Free and Open Source Software in the U.S. Department of Defense
  228. Vores Ol
  229. W3C Software Notice and License
  230. Webgpl
  231. What the Hack
  232. Wizards of OS
  233. WTFPL
  234. X.Org Foundation
  235. Xiph.Org Foundation
  236. Yet Another Perl Conference
  237. Yogurt

 

 
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    ENGLISHGRATIS.COM è un sito personale di
    Roberto Casiraghi e Crystal Jones
    email: robertocasiraghi at iol punto it

    Roberto Casiraghi           
    INFORMATIVA SULLA PRIVACY              Crystal Jones


    Siti amici:  Lonweb Daisy Stories English4Life Scuolitalia
    Sito segnalato da INGLESE.IT

 
 



FREE SOFTWARE CULTURE
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Source

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Africa Source

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
Scenic venue of Africa Source 2: Kalangala Island
Scenic venue of Africa Source 2: Kalangala Island

Africa Source is the name for a series of events, two of which have been held so far, in 2004 and 2006, at Namibia and Uganda respectively. These are held to promote the use of Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) among non-profit and non-governmental organisations. Africa Source is part of the wider "Source camps" organised by Tacticaltech.org and its partners, and is also linked to the Asia Source and other parallel events held elsewhere in the "developing" world.

Venue, agenda for Africa Source 2

Participants, at the camp
Participants, at the camp

Africa Source 2 was organised in the first fortnight of January 2006 in Kalangala, an island on Lake Victoria, in Uganda. Organisers announced that the Africa Source II agenda was to be developed for the following primary target audiences:

  • NGO (non-government organisation) IT practitioners working with educational institutions, resource and community centres, rights based NGOs and health information organisations
  • IT developers, advocates and implementors
  • People interested in the localization of software

Themes

Main themes for the event were:

  • migration and adoption
  • alternative access, education and resource centres;
  • information handling and advocacy;
  • localisation

Issues for debate at Africa Source 2

Faces from the event
Faces from the event

During the actual event, many issues came up for debate at the Africa Source 2, a camp meant to make non-profit campaigners think about software issues.

Two issues divided campers at Africa Source 2 like no other. Perhaps these were meant to. One was: FLOSS is still too complicated for non-profit organisations and schools to use. The other: It's more critical to translate FLOSS into African languages, compared to training to use existing (FLOSS) software". Issues like these split public opinion at Africa Source 2 along the the spectogram of various possible positions.

From New Delhi, Arun Mehta argued that FLOSS still needed to be much more accessible to the disabled. Others saw it differently: "What have NGOs done to make it more user-friendly? This is not software you buy; this is software you create," said one voice.

Derick Odembo of Kenya and Mozambique agreed that it was still difficult to migrate. Dwayne from South Africa claimed his grandmother had learnt to use Firefox (the web browser) and she was a hundred years old!

At the camp lunch table, on a rainy, indoors day.
At the camp lunch table, on a rainy, indoors day.

A web developer was concerned what tool he could use to replace Macromedia Flash. Someone else argued that every time FLOSS is used, it's one more crucial vote in its favour.

Rudi from South Africa argued strongly in favour of those who "taught a man to fish, rather than just gave him a fish". He said he's seen more people on the FLOSS side teach others and work towards a solution than those who just complain about usability.

Ivar Mugabi of Uganda cautioned against "doing nothing but training guys when they don't understand the stuff". Deborah Aknwande, also of Uganda, made her point. Somebody else laughed, "Hey, this is everybody-understands-English stuff," said someone on the side which stressed on the importance of translation and localisation of software.

Dirk Slater, who worked as an eRider for seven years stressed the 70:20:10 principle for NGOs and non-profits. He called this a "very important formula". And, he stressed 10% of resources needed to go to hardware, 20% to software, and 70% needed to go to training!

Charles Loku of Uganda called for a more detailed form of localisation. Why not call it M'bata (Swahili for "duck") rather than Mandrake, he asked.

Campsite view.
Campsite view.

Alaa of Egypt stressed that language questions are "very complicated", and connected with literacy and politics. "There is much more to localisation than just translation... Translation is good, but much more is needed. We need more

users and more techies. We the Arabs have to solve our own (Arab) localisation issues. If we have training and more users, we would be better able to handle this," he suggested.

Other participants felt that people stressing localisation generally came from larger tribes, and were people who used well documented languages. What happened to smaller language groups, he asked? And thus the debate raged.... only to show that FLOSS has its many shades of grey.

Options for participants

Africa Source II offered participants a possibility of taking one of three possible "tracks": either look to 'migration for NGOs', 'migration for education' or the 'information management' track.

While the first was aimed to help shift non-profits over to Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FOSS or FLOSS), the second was aimed at making the same possible for those working in the field of education. There was another track to help participants focus on the 'soft' skills, and the 'information' part of the IT world, that often gets overlooked and sidetracked.

Infotrack

Skills: wanted, offered
Skills: wanted, offered

In the information track, participants voiced a range of needs. Some asked for details about online tools for publishing. Others wanted the low-down on building and managing community portals. There also was a request for inputs on multimedia authoring and publishing (in both video and audio). Participants also wanted to know how to build a news website.

After breaking in groups and listing their expectations, it was found that some wanted ideas on how to network and collaborate with other organisations. Someone had a query: could they find out how and if blogs could be useful to Africa.

Other issues came up too: Could blogs be used to create communities? Is there some way of better understanding this entire phenomenon of social software (including wikis, blogs, social networking, social bookmarking)? Can FLOSS offer tools for donor-management and member-management? Is there some replacement for web-design tools and Flash animation? Is it possible to extend skills by undertaking online mentoring for non-profits via the Net and encourage them to get their information out....

Africa Source, the first camp

Africa Source's first camp was held from March 15 to 19, 2004 at Okahandja, Namibia. According to the website focussed on this event, some 60 participants "from all across Africa met for discussion, peer learning and skillshare". This event's focus was on "the practical challenges of realising F/OSS [Free/Libre and Open Source Software] in the African context, the aim was to build cooperation between Africa's most active F/OSS individuals and projects in the longer term."

Sharing notes
Sharing notes

It brought together developers "who are often working in isolation" and gave them a chance to meet with non-profit campaigners. Through "practical skill-share sessions", a range of issues were discussed, from localising of GNU/Linux distributions (or "distros") to setting up of wireless networks, work on content management systems, and designing or managing large databases.

Africa Source's first camp was organised by Tactical Tech, AllAfrica and SchoolNet Namibia. It was supported by the Open Society Initiative Southern Africa (OSISA), Open Society Initiative West Africa (OSIWA), OSI BUdapest, USAID and O'Reilly, according to its organisers.

External links

  • Africa Source site on Tacticaltech.org
  • Africa Souce Wiki
  • Notes from Africa Source 2 sessions
  • Africa Source photos on Flickr
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Source"