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MARKETING
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_scheme

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Matrix scheme

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

A matrix scheme, also known as a Matrix Site, Elevator Scheme, Escalator Scheme or Ladder Scheme, is a business model [1] involving the exchange of money for a certain product with a side bonus of being added to a waiting list for a product of greater value than the amount given. [1] Matrix schemes are also sometimes considered similar to Ponzi or pyramid schemes. [2] Such schemes are claimed to be legitimate by site supporters, though they are also regarded as illegal lotteries sometimes [2] and have been called unsustainable by the Office of Fair Trading. [1]

History

The first known matrix scheme has widely been accepted as EZExpo.com, which started the popularity of Matrix Schemes in 2002. [2] By 2003 more than 200 matrix schemes were in operation, including one which was owned by the same people as the payment processor Stormpay (TymGlobal). Subsequently TymGlobal and Stormpay were accused to be running an illegal Ponzi scheme [3] Stormpay later claimed to be independent of TymGlobal and they no longer accept matrix schemes. Although many have since ceased trading, some schemes are still known to be operational around the world.

Operation

The operation of matrix schemes varies, though they often operate similar to Ponzi schemes. [4] To move upward in the list, a person must wait for new members to join or refer a certain number of people to the list. This is accomplished through purchasing a token product of marginal value: usually e-books, cell phone boosters, screen savers, or shareware CDs. When a pre-defined number of people have purchased the token product the person currently at the top of the list receives their reward item, and the next person in the list moves to the top. The rewards for those at the top of the matrix list are usually high-demand consumer electronics, such as portable digital audio players, plasma and high-definition television sets, laptop computers, and cellular phones.

In many cases, the token product alone could not be reasonably sold for the price listed, and as such legal experts claim that regardless of what is said, the real product being sold is the "reward" in question in those situations. Steven A. Richards, a lawyer who represents multi-level marketing companies for Grimes & Reese in Idaho Falls, Idaho, said there often aren’t clear legal tests for Ponzi schemes. But if the product sold has no value or very little value, and consumers wouldn’t buy it without the attached free gift, the scheme probably runs afoul of federal and state laws. [4]

The “Matrix List” by which the sites receive their name would be what is known as a straight-line matrix, or 1 by X matrix. This is similar to many MLM’s that use Y by X matrix’s to fill a down-line.

For example, one situation may be a 1 by 10 matrix for a PS2 (which was quite common). In such a matrix the site would usually sell an e-book for $50 to be placed on the list. After 9 additional people purchased a spot the 1st person would receive either a PS2 or cash value equivalent and is removed from the list. The person who had been 2nd would move up to the first spot and an additional 10 people would have to purchase in order for this person to receive their PS2. It is this orderly movement which has also given the name “Elevator Scheme” to these sites as people would move up the elevator (escalator, ladder) to the top at which they would then “cycle” out of the matrix.

In such a matrix, 9 out of 10 or 90% of all customers would never receive their reward item as eventually the matrix must reach a point by which it will be nearly impossible for new people added to the list to reach the top. Supporters claim that additional revenue streams from advertising are used to keep the lists moving. However, detractors claim that it is impossible to generate enough outside revenue. If the entire world were to join the list, 90% of the world would be unable to cycle if the site did not draw sufficient alternate revenue streams. Adding more people to the list does not change the fact that the majority would receive nothing without these streams.

Additionally, the amount of time needed before a given individual will receive the product in question is often mistaken. In a matrix in which 10 people are required before it will cycle, the first person to join only needs 9 additional sign ups, but the second person needs 18 additional sign ups, 8 more for the person above him, and then 10 more for himself. The third person on the list likewise needs 27 additional signups, 7 for the person on top of the list, 10 for the person directly above him, and then 10 for himself. And then the number of people required continues to grow for each new person joining the list. For the 10th person to cycle it would require 100 people total, and 1000 for the 100th, and so on.

Legality

While detractors of matrix schemes contend that the sites and business models are illegal, in America there are no laws naming the schemes as illegal, and no rulings stating that the business model operates outside of law. There are, however, some challenges currently in the court system. In addition, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the UK. Trading Standards have issued warnings to the public about the sites, stating that due to the ease by which these models can be manipulated for fraudulent purposes, care should be taken and research done on the scheme in question prior to purchasing from them with the intent on receiving the list gift. The rewards for entering into a successful matrix scheme are substantial. However, several matrix sites have shut down whilst defending lawsuits, such as the civil action taken against the EZExpo.com. [citation needed]

The UK. Office of Fair Trading, however, has declared some of them to be illegal. On July 1st, 2005, the Office of Fair Trading in England declared that two matrix schemes were a form of illegal lottery, pulsematrix.com and phones4everyone (at themobilematrix.com). [5] In the UK some matrix sites may claim they are a private lottery, and thus operate legally. Opponents of matrix schemes believe otherwise. Nonetheless, neither the Office of Fair Trading or the Department of Trade and Industry has tested this argument in a court of law. All court cases to date have been in the civil court system, and so it is still unclear whether matrix schemes operate within the law.

In 2003 EZExpo and several payment processors were sued in the civil courts for running an illegal lottery in the state of California, with the payment processors abetting the scam.[6] [7][8] However, the civil case is still ongoing.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Office of Fair Trading Press Release. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
  2. ^ a b c $150 plasma TV site faces lawsuit. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
  3. ^ The Leaf Chronicle. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
  4. ^ a b $150 for a plasma TV? A bad bet. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
  5. ^ Website schemes offering 'free' electronic gadgets stopped by OFT. Retrieved on 2005-07-01.
  6. ^ California Courts - Appelate Court Case Information -Docket Entries. Retrieved on 2005-08-06.
  7. ^ Wage Law: Prop 64 Cases To Be Argued. Retrieved on 2005-08-06.
  8. ^ The Antitrust Monitor: Prop 64 to the Rescue for Neovi, PaySystems, and PayPal But Not for Ginix. Retrieved on 2005-08-06.

News articles

  • $150 for a plasma TV? A bad bet - MSNBC
  • $150 plasma TV site faces lawsuit - MSNBC
  • Warning over iPod scam - This is London
  • eBay scam uses iPods as bait - Wired

External links

  • Matrix Watch.org - An anti-matrix viewpoint.
  • Cyberama.info - A pro-matrix viewpoint.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_scheme"