SPEECH DISORDER
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorder
7.11.05
Translated by/Traduzione di
Rosa Fiasco
Speech disorders, or speech impediments as they are also called, are a type of communication disorders where 'normal' speech is disrupted. This can mean stuttering, lisps, vocal dysphonia etc. Someone who is totally unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute. Classification Classifying speech into normal and disordered is more problematic than it first seems. By a strict classification, only 5% to 10% of the population have a completely normal (with respect to all parameters) and healthy voice, all others suffer from one disorder or another. Dysphonia, that is, incomplete functionality of the vocal folds, is one of the most common and can be observed as, for example, an unusual roughness of the voice. Stuttering is also quite common, about 7% of the population suffer from it at some point in life. Causes There are various causes of speech impediments, such as "hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse." However, in many cases the cause is unknown. Treatment Many of these types of disorders can be treated by speech therapy, but others require medical attention by a doctor in phoniatrics. Other treatments include correction of organic conditions and psychotherapy. In the United States, school-age children with a speech disorder are often placed in special education programs. More than one million of the students who served in the public schools’ special education programs in the 2000-2001 school year were categorized as having a speech or language impairment. This estimate does not include children who have speech/language problems secondary to other conditions such as deafness. Many school districts provide the students with speech therapy during school hours. Social Effects of Speech Disorders Suffering from a speech disorder can have negative social effects, especially among young children. Those with a speech disorder can be targets of bullying because of their disorder. The bullying can result in decreased self-esteem. As well, having a speech disorder can cause some sufferers to be socially shy and have poor public speaking skills. |
TESTO PARALLELO INCASELLATO |
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Speech disorders, or speech impediments as they are also called, are a type of communication disorders where 'normal' speech is disrupted. |
I disturbi del linguaggio, o della pronuncia, come spesso vengono definiti, sono quei disturbi della comunicazione in cui il "normale" eloquio viene ostacolato. |
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This can mean stuttering, lisps, vocal dysphonia etc. |
Di essi fanno parte la balbuzie, la blesità, la disfonia vocale ecc. |
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Someone who is totally unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute. |
Chi è completamente incapace di parlare a causa di un disturbo del linguaggio viene considerato muto. |
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Classification |
Classificazione |
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Classifying speech into normal and disordered is more problematic than it first seems. |
Classificare il linguaggio in normale o disturbato è più problematico di quanto sembri a prima vista. |
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By a strict classification, only 5% to 10% of the population have a completely normal (with respect to all parameters) and healthy voice, all others suffer from one disorder or another. |
A rigore, solo una percentuale che va dal 5 al 10% della popolazione ha una voce sana e completamente normale (riguardo a tutti i parametri da prendere in considerazione), tutti gli altri soffrono di un qualche disturbo. |
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Dysphonia, that is, incomplete functionality of the vocal folds, is one of the most common and can be observed as, for example, an unusual roughness of the voice. |
La disfonia, ossia la disfunzionalità delle corde vocali, è uno dei disturbi più comuni e si evidenzia tramite una insolita raucedine. |
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Stuttering is also quite common, about 7% of the population suffer from it at some point in life. |
Anche la balbuzie è abbastanza comune, di essa soffre circa il 7% della popolazione prima o poi nel corso della propria vita. |
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Causes |
Cause |
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There are various causes of speech impediments, such as "hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse." However, in many cases the cause is unknown. |
Le cause dei disturbi del linguaggio sono diverse, ad esempio “perdita dell’udito, disturbi neurologici, lesioni cerebrali, ritardo mentale, abuso di sostanze stupefacenti, cause organiche come schisi palatali o labiali, e abuso o cattivo uso della voce”. Tuttavia, molto spesso la causa rimane sconosciuta. |
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Treatment |
Trattamento |
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Many of these types of disorders can be treated by speech therapy, but others require medical attention by a doctor in phoniatrics. |
Molti di questi disturbi possono essere trattati tramite terapia logopedica, ma altri richiedono la consulenza medica di un foniatra. |
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Other treatments include correction of organic conditions and psychotherapy. |
Altri trattamenti si basano sulla correzione di condizioni organiche e psicoterapia. |
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In the United States, school-age children with a speech disorder are often placed in special education programs. |
Negli Stati Uniti, i bambini in età scolare con un disturbo del linguaggio sono spesso inseriti in programmi educativi speciali. |
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More than one million of the students who served in the public schools’ special education programs in the 2000-2001 school year were categorized as having a speech or language impairment. |
Nell’anno scolastico 2000/2001, oltre un milione di studenti fra quanti frequentavano i programmi educativi speciali delle scuole pubbliche risultò avere un disturbo del linguaggio o della pronuncia. |
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This estimate does not include children who have speech/language problems secondary to other conditions such as deafness. |
Questa statistica non comprende bambini che hanno disturbi del linguaggio/della pronuncia secondari ad altre condizioni quali sordità. |
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Many school districts provide the students with speech therapy during school hours. |
Molti distretti scolastici forniscono agli studenti la terapia logopedica durante le ore scolastiche. |
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Social Effects of Speech Disorders |
Effetti sociali dei disturbi del linguaggio |
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Suffering from a speech disorder can have negative social effects, especially among young children. |
Soffrire di un disturbo del linguaggio può avere conseguenze sociali negative soprattutto tra i bambini. |
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Those with a speech disorder can be targets of bullying because of their disorder. |
Chi ne soffre può essere vittima di prepotenze da parte dei propri compagni. |
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The bullying can result in decreased self-esteem. |
Le continue prepotenze possono avere come conseguenza una diminuzione di autostima. |
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As well, having a speech disorder can cause some sufferers to be socially shy and have poor public speaking skills. |
Inoltre, un disturbo del linguaggio può causare a chi ne soffre timidezza nei rapporti con gli altri e può limitare la sua capacità di parlare in pubblico. |
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