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- Abbe Prevost - MANON LESCAUT
- Alcott, Louisa M. - LITTLE MEN
- Alcott, Louisa M. - LITTLE WOMEN
- Alcott, Louisa May - JACK AND JILL
- Austen, Jane - EMMA
- Austen, Jane - MANSFIELD PARK
- Austen, Jane - NORTHANGER ABBEY
- Austen, Jane - PERSUASION
- Austen, Jane - PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
- Austen, Jane - SENSE AND SENSIBILITY
- Ballantyne, R. B. - THE CORAL ISLAND
- Balzac, Honore de - EUGENIE GRANDET
- Balzac, Honore de - FATHER GORIOT
- Baroness Orczy - THE SCARLET PIMPERNEL
- Barrie, James M. - PETER PAN
- Blackmore, R. D. - LORNA DOONE
- Boccaccio, Giovanni - DECAMERONE
- Bronte, Charlotte - JANE EYRE
- Bronte, Emily - WUTHERING HEIGHTS
- Buchan, John - PRESTER JOHN
- Buchan, John - THE THIRTY-NINE STEPS
- Bunyan, John - THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
- Burnett, Frances H. - A LITTLE PRINCESS
- Burnett, Frances H. - LITTLE LORD FAUNTLEROY
- Burnett, Frances H. - THE SECRET GARDEN
- Butler, Samuel - EREWHON
- Carroll, Lewis - ALICE IN WONDERLAND
- Carroll, Lewis - THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS
- Chaucer, Geoffrey - THE CANTERBURY TALES
- Chesterton, G. K. - A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND
- Chesterton, G. K. - THE INNOCENCE OF FATHER BROWN
- Chesterton, G. K. - THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO MUCH
- Chesterton, G. K. - THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY
- Chesterton, G. K. - THE WISDOM OF FATHER BROWN
- Childers, Erskine - THE RIDDLE OF THE SANDS
- Christie, Agatha - THE MYSTERIOUSAFFAIR AT STYLES
- Christie, Agatha - THE SECRET ADVERSARY
- Collins, Wilkie - THE MOONSTONE
- Collodi, Carlo - THE ADVENTURES OF PINOCCHIO
- Conan Doyle, Arthur - A STUDY IN SCARLET
- Conan Doyle, Arthur - MEMOIRS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES
- Conan Doyle, Arthur - THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES
- Conan Doyle, Arthur - THE HOUND OF THE BASKERVILLES
- Conan Doyle, Arthur - THE SIGN OF THE FOUR
- Conrad, Joseph - HEART OF DARKNESS
- Conrad, Joseph - LORD JIM
- Conrad, Joseph - NOSTROMO
- Conrad, Joseph - THE NIGGER OF THE NARCISSUS
- Conrad, Joseph - TYPHOON
- Darwin, Charles - THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF CHARLES DARWIN
- Darwin, Charles - THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES
- Defoe, Daniel - MOLL FLANDERS
- Defoe, Daniel - ROBINSON CRUSOE
- Dickens, Charles - A CHRISTMAS CAROL
- Dickens, Charles - A TALE OF TWO CITIES
- Dickens, Charles - BLEAK HOUSE
- Dickens, Charles - DAVID COPPERFIELD
- Dickens, Charles - GREAT EXPECTATIONS
- Dickens, Charles - HARD TIMES
- Dickens, Charles - LITTLE DORRIT
- Dickens, Charles - MARTIN CHUZZLEWIT
- Dickens, Charles - OLIVER TWIST
- Dickens, Charles - PICTURES FROM ITALY
- Dickens, Charles - THE MYSTERY OF EDWIN DROOD
- Dickens, Charles - THE PICKWICK PAPERS
- Dostoevsky, Fyodor - CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
- Dostoyevsky, Fyodor - THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV
- Du Maurier, George - TRILBY
- Dumas, Alexandre - THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO
- Dumas, Alexandre - THE MAN IN THE IRON MASK
- Dumas, Alexandre - THE THREE MUSKETEERS
- Eliot, George - ADAM BEDE
- Eliot, George - DANIEL DERONDA
- Eliot, George - MIDDLEMARCH
- Eliot, George - SILAS MARNER
- Eliot, George - THE MILL ON THE FLOSS
- Equiano - AUTOBIOGRAPHY
- Esopo - FABLES
- Fenimore Cooper, James - THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS
- Fielding, Henry - TOM JONES
- Flaubert, Gustave - MADAME BOVARY
- Frank Baum, L. - THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ
- Frazer, James George - THE GOLDEN BOUGH
- Freud, Sigmund - DREAM PSYCHOLOGY
- Galsworthy, John - THE FORSYTE SAGA
- Gilbert and Sullivan - PLAYS
- Gogol - DEAD SOULS
- Goldsmith, Oliver - SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER
- Goldsmith, Oliver - THE VICAR OF WAKEFIELD
- Grahame, Kenneth - THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS
- Hardy, Thomas - FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD
- Hardy, Thomas - JUDE THE OBSCURE
- Hardy, Thomas - TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES
- Hardy, Thomas - THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE
- Hawthorne, Nathaniel - THE SCARLET LETTER
- Hobbes, Thomas - LEVIATHAN
- Hope, Anthony - THE PRISONER OF ZENDA
- Hornung, E. W. - MR. JUSTICE RAFFLES
- Ibsen, Henrik - AN ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE
- Ibsen, Henrik - CASA DI BAMBOLA
- Ibsen, Henrik - GHOSTS
- Ibsen, Henrik - HEDDA GABLER
- Ibsen, Henrik - JOHN GABRIEL BORKMAN
- Ibsen, Henrik - PILLARS OF SOCIETY
- Ibsen, Henrik - ROSMERHOLM
- Ibsen, Henrik - THE LADY FROM THE SEA
- Ibsen, Henrik - THE MASTER BUILDER
- Ibsen, Henrik - WHEN WE DEAD AWAKEN
- Irving, Washington - THE LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW
- James, Henry - ITALIAN HOURS
- James, Henry - THE BOSTONIANS
- James, Henry - THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY
- James, Henry - THE TURN OF THE SCREW
- James, Henry - WASHINGTON SQUARE
- Jerome, Jerome K. - THREE MEN IN A BOAT
- Jerome, Jerome K. - THREE MEN ON THE BUMMEL
- Jonson, Ben - THE ALCHEMIST
- Jonson, Ben - VOLPONE
- Joyce, James - A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN
- Joyce, James - DUBLINERS
- Joyce, James - ULYSSES
- Kingsley, Charles - THE WATER-BABIES
- Kipling, Rudyard - CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS
- Kipling, Rudyard - INDIAN TALES
- Kipling, Rudyard - JUST SO STORIES
- Kipling, Rudyard - KIM
- Kipling, Rudyard - THE JUNGLE BOOK
- Kipling, Rudyard - THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING
- Kipling, Rudyard - THE SECOND JUNGLE BOOK
- Lawrence, D. H - THE RAINBOW
- Lawrence, D. H - THE WHITE PEACOCK
- Lawrence, D. H - TWILIGHT IN ITALY
- Lawrence, D. H. - SONS AND LOVERS
- Lawrence, D. H. - WOMEN IN LOVE
- Lear, Edward - BOOK OF NONSENSE
- Lear, Edward - LAUGHABLE LYRICS
- Lear, Edward - MORE NONSENSE
- Lear, Edward - NONSENSE SONG
- London, Jack - MARTIN EDEN
- London, Jack - THE CALL OF THE WILD
- London, Jack - WHITE FANG
- Malthus, Thomas - PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION
- Marryat, Captain - THE CHILDREN OF THE NEW FOREST
- Marx, Karl - THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
- Mary, Charles and - TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE
- Melville, Hermann - MOBY DICK
- Melville, Hermann - TYPEE
- Mrs. Beeton - THE BOOK OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT
- Nesbit, E. - FIVE CHILDREN AND IT
- Nesbit, E. - THE PHOENIX AND THE CARPET
- Nesbit, E. - THE RAILWAY CHILDREN
- Nesbit, E. - THE STORY OF THE AMULET
- Pascal, Blaise - PENSEES
- Pellico, Silvio - LE MIE PRIGIONI
- Poe, Edgar A. - THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER
- Richardson, Samuel - PAMELA
- Rider Haggard, H. - ALLAN QUATERMAIN
- Rider Haggard, H. - KING SOLOMON'S MINES
- Schopenhauer, Arthur - THE ART OF CONTROVERSY
- Scott, Walter - IVANHOE
- Scott, Walter - QUENTIN DURWARD
- Scott, Walter - ROB ROY
- Scott, Walter - THE BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR
- Scott, Walter - WAVERLEY
- Sewell, Anna - BLACK BEAUTY
- Shelley, Mary - FRANKENSTEIN
- Sheridan, Richard B. - THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL
- Sienkiewicz, Henryk - QUO VADIS
- Sterne, Laurence - A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY
- Sterne, Laurence - TRISTRAM SHANDY
- Stevenson, Robert Louis - KIDNAPPED
- Stevenson, Robert Louis - THE BLACK ARROW
- Stevenson, Robert Louis - THE MASTER OF BALLANTRAE
- Stevenson, Robert Louis - THE STRANGE CASE OF DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE
- Stevenson, Robert Louis - TREASURE ISLAND
- Stoker, Bram - DRACULA
- Strindberg, August - LUCKY PEHR
- Strindberg, August - MASTER OLOF
- Strindberg, August - THE RED ROOM
- Strindberg, August - THE ROAD TO DAMASCUS
- Strindberg, August - THERE ARE CRIMES AND CRIMES
- Swift, Jonathan - A MODEST PROPOSAL
- Swift, Jonathan - A TALE OF A TUB
- Swift, Jonathan - GULLIVER'S TRAVELS
- Thackeray, William - BARRY LYNDON
- Thackeray, William - VANITY FAIR
- Tolstoi, Lev - WAR AND PEACE
- Tolstoy, Leo - ANNA KARENINA
- Tolstoy, Leo - WAR AND PEACE
- Trollope, Anthony - BARCHESTER TOWERS
- Trollope, Anthony - THE WARDEN
- Twain, Mark - THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN
- Twain, Mark - THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER
- Twain, Mark - THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER
- Verne, Jules - 20000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEAS
- Verne, Jules - A JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH
- Verne, Jules - ALL AROUND THE MOON
- Verne, Jules - AROUND THE WORLD IN 80 DAYS
- Verne, Jules - FIVE WEEKS IN A BALLOON
- Verne, Jules - MICHAEL STROGOFF
- Verne, Jules - THE MYSTERIOUS ISLAND
- Wallace, Edgar - SANDERS OF THE RIVER
- Wallace, Edgar - THE DAFFODIL MYSTERY
- Wallace, Lew - BEN HUR
- Wells, H. G. - KIPPS
- Wells, H. G. - THE INVISIBLE MAN
- Wells, H. G. - THE WAR OF THE WORLDS
- Wilde, Oscar - A WOMAN OF NO IMPORTANCE
- Wilde, Oscar - AN IDEAL HUSBAND
- Wilde, Oscar - DE PROFUNDIS
- Wilde, Oscar - LADY WINDERMERE'S FAN
- Wilde, Oscar - THE CANTERVILLE GHOST
- Wilde, Oscar - THE HAPPY PRINCE AND OTHER TALES
- Wilde, Oscar - THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST
- Wilde, Oscar - THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GREY
- Woolf, Virgina - THE VOYAGE OUT
- Woolf, Virgina - NIGHT AND DAY
- Woolf, Virginia - LA STANZA DI JACOB
- Woolf, Virginia - MONDAY OR TUESDAY
- Yeats, William Butler - THE COUNTESS CATHLEEN
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<<< - >>> breed good for one purpose, and that of another breed for another
purpose; when we compare the many breeds of dogs, each good for man
in different ways; when we compare the game-cock, so pertinacious in
battle, with other breeds so little quarrelsome, with "everlasting
layers" which never desire to sit, and with the bantam so small and
elegant; when we compare the host of agricultural, culinary, orchard,
and flower-garden races of plants, most useful to man at different
seasons and for different purposes, or so beautiful in his eyes, we
must, I think, look further than to mere variability. We can not suppose
that all the breeds were suddenly produced as perfect and as useful as
we now see them; indeed, in many cases, we know that this has not been
their history. The key is man's power of accumulative selection: nature
gives successive variations; man adds them up in certain directions
useful to him. In this sense he may be said to have made for himself
useful breeds.
The great power of this principle of selection is not hypothetical.
It is certain that several of our eminent breeders have, even within a
single lifetime, modified to a large extent their breeds of cattle
and sheep. In order fully to realise what they have done it is almost
necessary to read several of the many treatises devoted to this subject,
and to inspect the animals. Breeders habitually speak of an animal's
organisation as something plastic, which they can model almost as they
please. If I had space I could quote numerous passages to this effect
from highly competent authorities. Youatt, who was probably better
acquainted with the works of agriculturalists than almost any other
individual, and who was himself a very good judge of animals, speaks of
the principle of selection as "that which enables the agriculturist, not
only to modify the character of his flock, but to change it altogether.
It is the magician's wand, by means of which he may summon into life
whatever form and mould he pleases." Lord Somerville, speaking of
what breeders have done for sheep, says: "It would seem as if they had
chalked out upon a wall a form perfect in itself, and then had given it
existence." In Saxony the importance of the principle of selection in
regard to merino sheep is so fully recognised, that men follow it as a
trade: the sheep are placed on a table and are studied, like a picture
by a connoisseur; this is done three times at intervals of months, and
the sheep are each time marked and classed, so that the very best may
ultimately be selected for breeding.
What English breeders have actually effected is proved by the enormous
prices given for animals with a good pedigree; and these have been
exported to almost every quarter of the world. The improvement is by no
means generally due to crossing different breeds; all the best breeders
are strongly opposed to this practice, except sometimes among closely
allied sub-breeds. And when a cross has been made, the closest selection
is far more indispensable even than in ordinary cases. If selection
consisted merely in separating some very distinct variety and breeding
from it, the principle would be so obvious as hardly to be worth
notice; but its importance consists in the great effect produced by
<<< - >>>
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