Neowater

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Neowater is an enabling technology, based on water-based nanotechnology which unlike traditional, dry nanotechnology focuses on a nanoparticle end product. Neowater builds on properties of nanoparticles to modify the physical properties of water molecules around them.

Research and Use

Each nanoparticle within Neowater, with its huge surface, creates an effect known as the "surface effect," and in turn organizes the water molecules surrounding it. This is similar to the surface effect of organelles within living cells. Both the organelles and the nanoparticles use this unique mechanism to create intracellular water properties. While the former is within cells and organs and cannot be harnessed nor used in a lab bench, the latter one, which is branded as Neowater™, can. This technology, developed in Israel, produces water whose physical properties mimic that of intracellular water using inorganic, insoluble crystals introduced in water in a patented process. Neowater™, with its stable system of largely hydrated nano-particles, like non-ionic detergent derived micelles, reduces the entropy of aqueous solutions. In addition, by design, it exhibits both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

There is a huge difference between Neowater and regular water when under perturbation. According to the second low of thermodynamics the preferred state of an isolated system in equilibrium is one of maximum entropy, meaning an homogeneus state with no order or structure. However, observing nature around us, and especially biological systems, a different story is apparent. We can indeed see the spontaneous emerging of order and a pattern in the formation of complex structures.

A basic question for such systems, which are not in equilibrium, is whether there are any selection principles that are ruling them. There is a distinct selection principle for a system in equilibrium; that is, the second law of thermodynamics [or maximum entropy in closed systems; or minimum free energy in a system attached to a heat bath.] To date, it is not clear whether there is a selection principle, or principles, for systems which are out of equilibrium.

In the past (Prigogine) suggested a principle that he called "Minimum entropy production." He received a Nobel prize for the principle although it was limited to linear systems that are very close to equilibrium. In such a system, there is competition between two basic elements:

(Γ) the rate of entropy production and (Ω) the total surface energy of the morphology

In a case of a higher rate of morphology, both (Γ) and (Ω) are much larger. One can correlate this to systems where their state of equilibrium is due to a minimum of free energy (F).

Where: (S)- entropy; (E) - energy; (T) - the temperature of the heat bath.

F = E – TS (1)

Meaning in higher temperatures (F) minima is due to (S) maximal, and in case of lower temperatures is due to (E) minimal. The principle that is stated here is that there is a functional – Φ that is formulated by: Φ = Ω - Δ Γ (2)

Where (Δ) is the force that boosts the system out of equilibrium, with rapid production of heat. The selection principle is the minimum of (Φ) in the case when the system is far away from equilibrium (large Δ) the condition is by maximum approximation of (Г) and in a case close to equilibrium it is due to the minimal of (Ω) (and unlike Prigogine suggested, due to the minimal of (Γ)).

External links

• [1] The company developing neowater.