WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
?????????

ART
- Great Painters
BUSINESS&LAW
- Accounting
- Fundamentals of Law
- Marketing
- Shorthand
CARS
- Concept Cars
GAMES&SPORT
- Videogames
- The World of Sports

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
- Blogs
- Free Software
- Google
- My Computer

- PHP Language and Applications
- Wikipedia
- Windows Vista

EDUCATION
- Education
LITERATURE
- Masterpieces of English Literature
LINGUISTICS
- American English

- English Dictionaries
- The English Language

MEDICINE
- Medical Emergencies
- The Theory of Memory
MUSIC&DANCE
- The Beatles
- Dances
- Microphones
- Musical Notation
- Music Instruments
SCIENCE
- Batteries
- Nanotechnology
LIFESTYLE
- Cosmetics
- Diets
- Vegetarianism and Veganism
TRADITIONS
- Christmas Traditions
NATURE
- Animals

- Fruits And Vegetables



ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. 6/8 time
  2. A (note)
  3. Abc notation
  4. Accidental
  5. Articulation
  6. B (note)
  7. Bar
  8. Beam
  9. Braille Music
  10. Breath mark
  11. Canntaireachd
  12. Chord
  13. Cinquillo
  14. Clef
  15. Coda
  16. Copyist
  17. Da capo
  18. Dal segno
  19. Dotted note
  20. Double whole note
  21. Drum tablature
  22. Dynamics
  23. Eight note
  24. Ekphonetic notation
  25. Fermata
  26. Figured bass
  27. Fingering
  28. Flat
  29. Ghost note
  30. Glissando
  31. Gongche notation
  32. Grace note
  33. Grand staff
  34. Graphic notation
  35. GUIDO music notation
  36. Guido of Arezzo
  37. Halfnote
  38. Harmony
  39. Hundred twenty-eighth note
  40. Italian musical terms used in English
  41. Kepatihan
  42. Key
  43. Keyboard tablature
  44. Key signature
  45. Klavarskribo
  46. Leadsheet
  47. Ledger line
  48. Legato
  49. Letter notation
  50. Ligature
  51. Marcato
  52. Mensural notation
  53. Mensurstriche
  54. Metre
  55. Modern musical symbols
  56. Musical notation
  57. Musical scale
  58. Musical terminology
  59. Music engraving
  60. Music theory
  61. Nashville notation
  62. Natural sign
  63. Neume
  64. Note
  65. Note value
  66. Numbered musical notation
  67. Numerical sight-singing
  68. Octave
  69. Ornament
  70. Parsonscode
  71. Partbook
  72. Pizzicato
  73. Portamento
  74. Prolation
  75. Qinpu
  76. Quarter note
  77. Rastrum
  78. Rehearsal letter
  79. Repeat
  80. Rest
  81. Rhythm
  82. Rythmic mode
  83. Rhythmic notation
  84. Saptak
  85. Scientific pitch notation
  86. Shape note
  87. Sharp
  88. Sheet music
  89. Sixteenth note
  90. Sixty-fourth note
  91. Slash notation
  92. Slur
  93. Sound painting
  94. Staccatissimo
  95. Staccato
  96. Staff
  97. Swung note
  98. Tablature
  99. Tacet
  100. Tempo
  101. Tenuto
  102. Thirty-second note
  103. Tie
  104. Time signature
  105. Time unit box system (TUBS)
  106. Tongan music notation
  107. Triple metre
  108. Tuplet
  109. Unfigured bass
  110. Virtual music score
  111. Vocal score
  112. Whole note
  113. Znamennoe singing
 



MUSICAL NOTATION
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Scientific pitch notation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Scientific pitch notation in Western music is a method of naming the notes of the standard Western chromatic scale by combining a letter-name, accidentals, and an Hindu-Arabic numeral identifying the pitch's octave.

As an example, "A4" refers to the A above middle C (that is, A440, the note that has a frequency of 440.0Hz). Middle C is set as "C4" (261.6Hz).

Scientific pitch notation is an example of a note-octave notation, see below.

Scientific pitch notation is often used to specify the range of an instrument. It provides an unambiguous means of identifying a note in terms of musical notation rather than frequency, while at the same time avoiding the transposition conventions that are used in writing the music for instruments such as the clarinet and guitar. The conventional octave naming system, where for example C0 is written as ''C, or CCC, or referred to as subcontra C, and C4 is written as c' or one-lined C, applies to the written notes that may or may not be transposed. For example, a d' played on a B♭ trumpet is actually a C4 in scientific pitch notation.

Three cautions should be observed:

  • Several variant systems (perhaps originally in error) use the same symbols as scientific pitch notation, but differ from it in the numbering of the octaves. Some MIDI documentation uses C3 to represent middle C; other writers have used C5. Notation that appears to be scientific pitch notation may be one of these variant systems. While they are still note-octave systems, when they are called scientific pitch notation (as does occur) this is certainly in error.
  • The notation is sometimes used in the context of meantone temperament, and does not always assume equal temperament nor the standard concert A of 440 Hz; this is particularly the case in connection with earlier music.
  • There is some possible confusion as to assigning the correct octave to C♭. The convention is that the letter name is first combined with the Arabic numeral to determine a specific pitch, which is then altered by applying accidentals. For example, the symbol C♭4 means "the pitch one chromatic step below the pitch C4" and not "the pitch-class C♭ in octave 4", so C♭4 is the same pitch as B3, not B4.

The matter is clarified by viewing "♭" and "♯" as denoting a certain fixed amount of cents flat or sharp. In equal temperament, that amount is exacly 100 cents, whereas in 1/4 comma meantone it is precisely 57/4/2048, or 76.049 cents, taking other values for other meantone tunings. Hence "C♭4" is the same as "C4♭", which in equal temperament is 100 cents below middle C, and equal to B3, and in 1/4 comma meantone is 76 cents below C4, and sharper than B3, which is 117 cents below C4.

This is not a great problem in practice, as in most usages of scientific pitch notation one is notating equal temperament, and neither C♭ nor B♯ need be used at all; rather these notes could be, and usually are, simply named B and C respectively.

See also

  • MIDI
  • MIDI Tuning Standard
  • Piano key frequencies

External links

  • http://www.dolmetsch.com/musictheory1.htm#uspitch
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation"