Guava

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

iGuava
Apple Guava Psidium guajava fruit and leaves
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae   Division: Magnoliophyta   Class: Magnoliopsida   Order: Myrtales   Family: Myrtaceae   Genus: Psidium L.
Species
About 100 species, see text.

Guava (from Spanish Guayaba; Goiaba in Portuguese) is a genus of about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, native to the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America. The leaves are opposite, simple, elliptic to ovate, 5-15 cm long. The flowers are white, with five petals and numerous stamens. Psidium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Eupseudosoma aberrans, Snowy Eupseudosoma and Hypercompe icasia.

The fruit is edible, round to pear-shaped, from 3-10 cm in diameter (to 12 cm in some selected cultivars). It has a thin delicate rind, pale green to yellow at maturity in some species, pink to red in others, a creamy white or orange-salmon flesh with many small hard seeds, and a strong, characteristic aroma. It is rich in vitamins A, B, and C.

Cultivation and uses

Guavas are cultivated in many tropical countries for their edible fruits. Several species are grown commercially; those listed below are the most important. The fruit is commonly eaten whole, but is often prepared in a variety of ways as a dessert. In Asia, raw guava is often dipped in salt or prune powder. Boiled guava is also extensively used to make candies, preserves, jellies, jams, marmalades (goiabada), and juices. In Asia, a tea is made from guava fruits and leaves. In Egypt, guava juice is popular.

Guava leaves are used for medicinal purposes, as a remedy for diarrhea^{[citation needed]}, and for their supposed antimicrobial properties. The same anti-diarrheal substances which are useful in folk medicine may also cause constipation in the case of consumption of large amounts of guava fruits.

The plants are frost-sensitive. In several tropical regions, including Hawaii, some species have become invasive weed shrubs. Guava are also of interest to home growers in temperate areas, being one of the very few tropical fruits that can be grown to fruiting size in pots indoors.

Red guavas can be used as the base of salted products such as sauces, constituting a substitute for tomatoes, especially for those who suffer from the latter's acidity.

Selected species

• Psidium australe Cambess.
• Psidium cattleianum - Strawberry Guava, Peruvian Guava.
• Psidium cinereum Mart.
• Psidium friedrichsthalium - Costa Rica Guava, Cas Guava
• Psidium galapageium Galápagos Guava
• Psidium guajava - Apple Guava
• Psidium guineense - Guinea Guava
• Psidium incanescens Mart.
• Psidium littorale - Cattley Guava
• Psidium montanum - Mountain Guava

Ripe guava fruit

'Thai Maroon' guava

Guava fruit

Ripe Guava

See also

• Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana)
• List of fruits

External links

• Fruits of Warm Climates: Guava
• California Rare Fruit Growers: Tropical Guava Fruit Facts