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WIKIBOOKS
DISPONIBILI
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ART
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BUSINESS&LAW
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LIFESTYLE
- Cosmetics
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TRADITIONS
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NATURE
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- Fruits And Vegetables



ARTICLES IN THE BOOK

  1. Alligator
  2. Alpaca
  3. Anaconda
  4. Ant
  5. Anteater
  6. Antelope
  7. Baboon
  8. Badger
  9. Bat
  10. Bear
  11. Bee
  12. Boa
  13. Butterfly
  14. Camel
  15. Canary
  16. Cat
  17. Cheeta
  18. Chicken
  19. Chimpanzee
  20. Cobra
  21. Cod
  22. Condor
  23. Cormorant
  24. Cow
  25. Crab
  26. Cricket
  27. Crocodile
  28. Crow
  29. Deer
  30. Dog
  31. Dolphin
  32. Donkey
  33. Dove
  34. Duck
  35. Eagle
  36. Elephant
  37. Emu
  38. Falcon
  39. Ferret
  40. Fly
  41. Fox
  42. Gazelle
  43. Giraffe
  44. Goat
  45. Goose
  46. Gorilla
  47. Hare
  48. Hedgehog
  49. Heron
  50. Hippopotamus
  51. Horse
  52. Hyena
  53. Ibis
  54. Jackal
  55. Kangaroo
  56. Kingfisher
  57. Koala
  58. Leopard
  59. Lion
  60. Llama
  61. Lobster
  62. Louse
  63. Mantodea
  64. Mink
  65. Mole
  66. Mongoose
  67. Mosquito
  68. Mule
  69. Nightingale
  70. Octopus
  71. Opossum
  72. Orangutan
  73. Ostrich
  74. Otter
  75. Owl
  76. Panda
  77. Parrot
  78. Partridge
  79. Peacock (Peafowl)
  80. Pelican
  81. Penguin
  82. Pheasant
  83. Pig
  84. Pigeon
  85. Prawn
  86. Puffin
  87. Quail
  88. Rabbit
  89. Reindeer
  90. Rhinoceros
  91. Salmon
  92. Seagull
  93. Seal
  94. Shark
  95. Sheep
  96. Shrimp
  97. Silk worm
  98. Skunk
  99. Sparrow
  100. Spider
  101. Squid
  102. Squirrel
  103. Stork
  104. Swallow
  105. Swan
  106. Tarantula
  107. Termite
  108. Tiger
  109. Toucan
  110. Tuna
  111. Turkey
  112. Turtle
  113. Violet-ear
  114. Vulture
  115. Walrus
  116. Wasp
  117. Whale
  118. Wolf
  119. Woodpecker
  120. Yak
  121. Zebra

 

 
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    ENGLISHGRATIS.COM è un sito personale di
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ANIMALS
This article is from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly

All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License 

Fly

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
This article is about the insect. For other articles with similar names, see Fly (disambiguation).
Dance fly male Empis tesselata
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Dance fly male Empis tesselata
The flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria
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The flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria
Close-up of the head of a blow-fly.
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Close-up of the head of a blow-fly.
Very small fly on the stamen of a lily
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Very small fly on the stamen of a lily

As defined by entomologists, a fly (plural flies) is any species of insect of the order Diptera. These typically have one pair of true wings, with the hind wings modified into halteres. Flies are common amongst humans and some can cause the spread of serious diseases such as sleeping sickness. The housefly (Musca domestica) and mosquito are particularly common amongst humans. Other flies, such as the horse fly (Family Tabanidae), can inflict painful bites. The larva of a fly is commonly called a maggot.

Flies rely heavily on sight for survival. The compound eyes of flies are composed of thousands of individual lenses and are very sensitive to movement. Some flies have very accurate 3D vision. A few, like Ormia ochracea, have very advanced hearing organs.

The diet of flies varies heavily between species. The horse-fly and mosquitoes feed on blood and nectar, and the house fly eats a semi-digested liquid created by mixing enzyme-rich saliva with its food.

In addition to being an essential part of the food chain, some species of flies spread pollen, hasten the decomposition of plants, animals, and dung, and, in the case of about 5000 species of Tachina flies, eat other insects.

Maggots

Further information: Maggot

The fly life cycle is composed of four stages: egg, larva (commonly known as a maggot), pupa, adult. The eggs are laid in decaying flesh, animal dung, manure, or pools of stagnant water - whatever has ample food for the larva. This can include both meat in trash compactors as well as rats that have died between the ceiling and floor of a home.

Some types of maggots found on corpses can be of great use to forensic scientists. By their stage of development, these maggots can be used to give an indication of the time elapsed since death, as well as the place the organism died. The size of the house fly maggot is 9.5-19.1mm (⅜ to ¾ inch). At the height of the summer season, a generation of flies (egg to adult) may be produced in 12-14 days.

Maggot identification uses a classification called "instar" stages. An instar I is about 2-5 mm long; instar II 6-14 mm; instar III 15-20 mm. These measure about 2-3 days, 3-4 days, and 4-6 days (for average house flies or bottle flies) since the eggs were laid. By use of this data, plus other signs, the approximate time since death can be estimated by forensic scientists.

Various maggots cause damage in agricultural crop production, including root maggots in rapeseed and midge maggots in wheat. Some maggots are leaf miners.

Maggots are bred commercially, as a popular bait in angling, and a food for carnivourous pets such as reptiles or birds. Due to the increasing popularity of maggots, a maggot vending machine has been installed in the English county town of Northampton.[citation needed]

Use in medicine

Through the ages maggots have been used in medicine to clean out necrotic wounds. For more information, see Maggot therapy.

Use in foods

Maggots have been used in food production, particularly cheese. For more information, see Casu marzu.

Transportation of insects

Flies can move from one point to another point by flying, but they can also walk and run (or scurry) around a piece of fruit in search of sugar.

Fly-like insects

The Mediterranean fruit fly, or "medfly", Ceratitis capitata
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The Mediterranean fruit fly, or "medfly", Ceratitis capitata
House fly leg
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House fly leg
Flies attracted to a light in summer
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Flies attracted to a light in summer

In compound names containing "fly" for members of this order, the name is written as two words as in "crane fly". For insects that are members of other orders the name is written as a single word as in "butterfly".

Examples

  • mayfly: Ephemeroptera
  • dragonfly and damselfly: Odonata
  • stonefly: Plecoptera
  • whitefly: Hemiptera
  • firefly: Coleoptera
  • alderfly, dobsonfly, and fishfly: Megaloptera
  • snakefly, mantidfly, and owlfly: Neuroptera
  • sawfly: Hymenoptera
  • caddisfly: Trichoptera
  • butterfly: Lepidoptera
  • scorpionfly, earwigfly, and hangingfly: Mecoptera

Rarest known flies

The world's rarest known fly families include the Eurychoromyidae, Broad-headed Flies and the Boston Red-Tinted Warbler Flies. While the first family is harmless to human life, the second is known for attacking warm-blooded bodies, especially any exposed skin of humans.

Flies in mythology and religion

  • In traditional Navajo religion, Big Fly is an important spirit being.
  • In demonology, Beelzebub is referred to as the "Lord of the Flies".
  • Myiagros was a Greek god who chased away flies during the sacrifices to Zeus and Athena.

Flies in art and popular culture

  • In art, extremely life-like flies have sometimes been depicted in the trompe l'oeil paintings of the 15th century. An example is the painting Portrait of a Carthusian by Petrus Christus, showing a fly sitting on a fake frame. [1]
  • The 1958 science fiction film The Fly, remade in 1986, revolves around the accidental merger of a human and a fly. In reality, the human bot fly lives parasitically in the human body.
  • In 2001, Garnet Hertz produced an art project in which a complete web server was implanted into a dead fly.
  • In music:
    • AC/DC, an Australian hard rock band, released an album called Fly on the Wall in 1985. The cover featured a fly, probably the same fly that is animated in the Fly on the Wall videos.
    • Iron Maiden, a heavy metal band, released a song called Lord of the flies as a single for their album The X Factor in 1996 (later released on the live Death on the Road). It was based on the book by the same name.
    • Alice in chains released an album called Jar of flies.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
fly
  • Pictures of Flies and Other Observations
  • Picture: Fly on a window
  • Fly with implanted web server, by Garnet Hertz.
  • How Flies Walk on Ceilings
  • How to build a fly-powered toy aeroplane
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly"