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Der Blaue
Reiter (The Blue Rider) was a group of expressionist artists established in
Munich in 1911.
Wassily
Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, Alexej von Jawlensky, Marianne von
Werefkin and others founded the group in response to Neue
Künstlervereinigung's (another artists' group of which Kandinsky was a
member) rejection of Kandinsky's painting Last Judgement from an exhibition.
Gabriele Münter
and Paul Klee were also involved.
The group,
which had no clear manifesto, was centred around Kandinsky and Marc.
The name, Der
Blaue Reiter, derived from Marc's enthusiasm for horses and Kandinsky's love
of the colour blue.
For Kandinsky,
blue is the colour of spirituality, the darker the more it awakens human
desire for the eternal (see his book On the Spiritual in Art, 1911).
Kandinsky had
also done an artwork of the same name (Der Blaue Reiter) in 1903.
Der Blaue
Reiter organized exhibitions in 1911 and 1912 which toured Germany.
They also
published an almanac featuring contemporary, primitive and folk art, along
with children's paintings.
In 1913 they
exhibited in the first German Herbstsalon.
Their
approaches and aims varied from artist to artist;
however, they
all sought to express spiritual truths through their art.
They believed
in the promotion of modern art and the connection between visual art and
music, the spiritual and symbolic associations of colour, and a spontaneous
intuitive approach to painting.
Members were
interested in European medieval art and primitivism as well as the
contemporary, non-figurative art scene in France.
As a result of
their encounters with cubist and Rayonist ideas, they moved towards
abstraction.
They finally
disbanded because of the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, whereupon
Kandinsky moved back to Russia.
An extensive
collection of paintings by the Der Blaue Reiter group is exhibited in the
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus in Munich, Germany.
Der Blaue
Reiter was one of two groups of German painters fundamental to
Expressionism, the other being Die Brücke formed in Dresden in 1905. |